Newton polygon : Show that precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$











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$text{Newton Polygons for Polynomials}$



There is a lemma in the book $ text{p-adic numbers, p-adic analysis and zet-functions} $ of the author $ text{Neal Koblitz} $ which I mentioned below:



$ text{Lemma 4}: $ Let $ f(X)=(1-frac{X}{alpha_1})(1-frac{X}{alpha_2}) cdots (1-frac{X}{alpha_n})$ be the factorisation of $ f(X)$ in terms of its roots $ alpha_i in Omega$. Let $ lambda_i= text{ord}_p (frac{1}{alpha_i})$. Then, if $ lambda $ is a slope of the Newton polygon having length $l$, it follows that precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$.



($Omega$ is a field which is the completion of the algebraic closure of the p-adic field $ mathbb{Q}_p$)



In other words, the slopes of the Newton polygon of $f(X)$ are (counting multiplicity) the p-adic ordinals of the reciprocal roots of $f(X)$.



This is all about the Lemma.



My question-



Is the length $l$ of the Newton Polygon a natural number?



If it is true, then why?



According to the first statement of the Lemma, it says $ text{precisely $l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$, which imply $ l$ must be a natural number.



Though I could not explain it why it is a natural number or why should the length of the newton polygon be a natural number.



Please someone explain it.










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  • 2




    Did you read in the book what the "length" of a segment of the Newton polygon means? It does not mean the length of the segment in the usual sense, but its "horizontal length" (length of projection onto the $x$-axis). Look up any other treatment of the Newton polygon and you should see something similar (e.g., the Wikipedia page on Newton polygons).
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:01










  • @KCd, what does the sentence $ text{precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$ mean here?
    – M. A. SARKAR
    Nov 15 at 12:04










  • If in a list of numbers $lambda_1, lambda_2, ldots, lambda_n$ (not necessarily distinct) you're told that precisely 3 of the numbers are equal to 4/7 then are you not sure what that means?
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:07










  • @KCd, Is the horizontal length or the length of projection of the segment onto x-axis a natural number ?
    – M. A. SARKAR
    Nov 15 at 12:12








  • 1




    Try looking at actual examples. For instance, Is the length of the projection of the line segment from (2,1/2) to (5,11/4) a natural number?
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:22















up vote
0
down vote

favorite
1












$text{Newton Polygons for Polynomials}$



There is a lemma in the book $ text{p-adic numbers, p-adic analysis and zet-functions} $ of the author $ text{Neal Koblitz} $ which I mentioned below:



$ text{Lemma 4}: $ Let $ f(X)=(1-frac{X}{alpha_1})(1-frac{X}{alpha_2}) cdots (1-frac{X}{alpha_n})$ be the factorisation of $ f(X)$ in terms of its roots $ alpha_i in Omega$. Let $ lambda_i= text{ord}_p (frac{1}{alpha_i})$. Then, if $ lambda $ is a slope of the Newton polygon having length $l$, it follows that precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$.



($Omega$ is a field which is the completion of the algebraic closure of the p-adic field $ mathbb{Q}_p$)



In other words, the slopes of the Newton polygon of $f(X)$ are (counting multiplicity) the p-adic ordinals of the reciprocal roots of $f(X)$.



This is all about the Lemma.



My question-



Is the length $l$ of the Newton Polygon a natural number?



If it is true, then why?



According to the first statement of the Lemma, it says $ text{precisely $l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$, which imply $ l$ must be a natural number.



Though I could not explain it why it is a natural number or why should the length of the newton polygon be a natural number.



Please someone explain it.










share|cite|improve this question


















  • 2




    Did you read in the book what the "length" of a segment of the Newton polygon means? It does not mean the length of the segment in the usual sense, but its "horizontal length" (length of projection onto the $x$-axis). Look up any other treatment of the Newton polygon and you should see something similar (e.g., the Wikipedia page on Newton polygons).
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:01










  • @KCd, what does the sentence $ text{precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$ mean here?
    – M. A. SARKAR
    Nov 15 at 12:04










  • If in a list of numbers $lambda_1, lambda_2, ldots, lambda_n$ (not necessarily distinct) you're told that precisely 3 of the numbers are equal to 4/7 then are you not sure what that means?
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:07










  • @KCd, Is the horizontal length or the length of projection of the segment onto x-axis a natural number ?
    – M. A. SARKAR
    Nov 15 at 12:12








  • 1




    Try looking at actual examples. For instance, Is the length of the projection of the line segment from (2,1/2) to (5,11/4) a natural number?
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:22













up vote
0
down vote

favorite
1









up vote
0
down vote

favorite
1






1





$text{Newton Polygons for Polynomials}$



There is a lemma in the book $ text{p-adic numbers, p-adic analysis and zet-functions} $ of the author $ text{Neal Koblitz} $ which I mentioned below:



$ text{Lemma 4}: $ Let $ f(X)=(1-frac{X}{alpha_1})(1-frac{X}{alpha_2}) cdots (1-frac{X}{alpha_n})$ be the factorisation of $ f(X)$ in terms of its roots $ alpha_i in Omega$. Let $ lambda_i= text{ord}_p (frac{1}{alpha_i})$. Then, if $ lambda $ is a slope of the Newton polygon having length $l$, it follows that precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$.



($Omega$ is a field which is the completion of the algebraic closure of the p-adic field $ mathbb{Q}_p$)



In other words, the slopes of the Newton polygon of $f(X)$ are (counting multiplicity) the p-adic ordinals of the reciprocal roots of $f(X)$.



This is all about the Lemma.



My question-



Is the length $l$ of the Newton Polygon a natural number?



If it is true, then why?



According to the first statement of the Lemma, it says $ text{precisely $l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$, which imply $ l$ must be a natural number.



Though I could not explain it why it is a natural number or why should the length of the newton polygon be a natural number.



Please someone explain it.










share|cite|improve this question













$text{Newton Polygons for Polynomials}$



There is a lemma in the book $ text{p-adic numbers, p-adic analysis and zet-functions} $ of the author $ text{Neal Koblitz} $ which I mentioned below:



$ text{Lemma 4}: $ Let $ f(X)=(1-frac{X}{alpha_1})(1-frac{X}{alpha_2}) cdots (1-frac{X}{alpha_n})$ be the factorisation of $ f(X)$ in terms of its roots $ alpha_i in Omega$. Let $ lambda_i= text{ord}_p (frac{1}{alpha_i})$. Then, if $ lambda $ is a slope of the Newton polygon having length $l$, it follows that precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$.



($Omega$ is a field which is the completion of the algebraic closure of the p-adic field $ mathbb{Q}_p$)



In other words, the slopes of the Newton polygon of $f(X)$ are (counting multiplicity) the p-adic ordinals of the reciprocal roots of $f(X)$.



This is all about the Lemma.



My question-



Is the length $l$ of the Newton Polygon a natural number?



If it is true, then why?



According to the first statement of the Lemma, it says $ text{precisely $l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$, which imply $ l$ must be a natural number.



Though I could not explain it why it is a natural number or why should the length of the newton polygon be a natural number.



Please someone explain it.







algebraic-number-theory p-adic-number-theory local-field






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share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




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asked Nov 15 at 11:14









M. A. SARKAR

2,1051619




2,1051619








  • 2




    Did you read in the book what the "length" of a segment of the Newton polygon means? It does not mean the length of the segment in the usual sense, but its "horizontal length" (length of projection onto the $x$-axis). Look up any other treatment of the Newton polygon and you should see something similar (e.g., the Wikipedia page on Newton polygons).
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:01










  • @KCd, what does the sentence $ text{precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$ mean here?
    – M. A. SARKAR
    Nov 15 at 12:04










  • If in a list of numbers $lambda_1, lambda_2, ldots, lambda_n$ (not necessarily distinct) you're told that precisely 3 of the numbers are equal to 4/7 then are you not sure what that means?
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:07










  • @KCd, Is the horizontal length or the length of projection of the segment onto x-axis a natural number ?
    – M. A. SARKAR
    Nov 15 at 12:12








  • 1




    Try looking at actual examples. For instance, Is the length of the projection of the line segment from (2,1/2) to (5,11/4) a natural number?
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:22














  • 2




    Did you read in the book what the "length" of a segment of the Newton polygon means? It does not mean the length of the segment in the usual sense, but its "horizontal length" (length of projection onto the $x$-axis). Look up any other treatment of the Newton polygon and you should see something similar (e.g., the Wikipedia page on Newton polygons).
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:01










  • @KCd, what does the sentence $ text{precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$ mean here?
    – M. A. SARKAR
    Nov 15 at 12:04










  • If in a list of numbers $lambda_1, lambda_2, ldots, lambda_n$ (not necessarily distinct) you're told that precisely 3 of the numbers are equal to 4/7 then are you not sure what that means?
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:07










  • @KCd, Is the horizontal length or the length of projection of the segment onto x-axis a natural number ?
    – M. A. SARKAR
    Nov 15 at 12:12








  • 1




    Try looking at actual examples. For instance, Is the length of the projection of the line segment from (2,1/2) to (5,11/4) a natural number?
    – KCd
    Nov 15 at 12:22








2




2




Did you read in the book what the "length" of a segment of the Newton polygon means? It does not mean the length of the segment in the usual sense, but its "horizontal length" (length of projection onto the $x$-axis). Look up any other treatment of the Newton polygon and you should see something similar (e.g., the Wikipedia page on Newton polygons).
– KCd
Nov 15 at 12:01




Did you read in the book what the "length" of a segment of the Newton polygon means? It does not mean the length of the segment in the usual sense, but its "horizontal length" (length of projection onto the $x$-axis). Look up any other treatment of the Newton polygon and you should see something similar (e.g., the Wikipedia page on Newton polygons).
– KCd
Nov 15 at 12:01












@KCd, what does the sentence $ text{precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$ mean here?
– M. A. SARKAR
Nov 15 at 12:04




@KCd, what does the sentence $ text{precisely $ l$ of the $ lambda_i$ are equal to $ lambda$}$ mean here?
– M. A. SARKAR
Nov 15 at 12:04












If in a list of numbers $lambda_1, lambda_2, ldots, lambda_n$ (not necessarily distinct) you're told that precisely 3 of the numbers are equal to 4/7 then are you not sure what that means?
– KCd
Nov 15 at 12:07




If in a list of numbers $lambda_1, lambda_2, ldots, lambda_n$ (not necessarily distinct) you're told that precisely 3 of the numbers are equal to 4/7 then are you not sure what that means?
– KCd
Nov 15 at 12:07












@KCd, Is the horizontal length or the length of projection of the segment onto x-axis a natural number ?
– M. A. SARKAR
Nov 15 at 12:12






@KCd, Is the horizontal length or the length of projection of the segment onto x-axis a natural number ?
– M. A. SARKAR
Nov 15 at 12:12






1




1




Try looking at actual examples. For instance, Is the length of the projection of the line segment from (2,1/2) to (5,11/4) a natural number?
– KCd
Nov 15 at 12:22




Try looking at actual examples. For instance, Is the length of the projection of the line segment from (2,1/2) to (5,11/4) a natural number?
– KCd
Nov 15 at 12:22















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