Why do the less than symbol () appear wrong as upside down exclamation (¡) or question mark (¿)?
up vote
219
down vote
favorite
When typing <
or >
in LaTeX and compiling with pdflatex
, the less than and greater than symbols appear at upside down exclamation points. I'm not in math mode.
symbols punctuation font-encodings
add a comment |
up vote
219
down vote
favorite
When typing <
or >
in LaTeX and compiling with pdflatex
, the less than and greater than symbols appear at upside down exclamation points. I'm not in math mode.
symbols punctuation font-encodings
using it in a regression results table in a paper.
– biased_estimator
Aug 28 '10 at 2:44
@ShreevatsaR: "This example holds true for all cases where n >= 3".
– SabreWolfy
Feb 2 '12 at 13:02
see also beramono and texttt : angle brackets show as inverted exclamation mark and inverted question mark symbols (upside-down signs, like in spanish) for a font-specific answer with bera mono
– barbara beeton
Feb 10 '16 at 17:08
Worth noting that you can also use modern OpenType or TrueType fonts, in either LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, with thefontspec
package. In this case, you do not want to load the T1 encoding. The encodings will already be set up properly.
– Davislor
Oct 6 at 19:21
add a comment |
up vote
219
down vote
favorite
up vote
219
down vote
favorite
When typing <
or >
in LaTeX and compiling with pdflatex
, the less than and greater than symbols appear at upside down exclamation points. I'm not in math mode.
symbols punctuation font-encodings
When typing <
or >
in LaTeX and compiling with pdflatex
, the less than and greater than symbols appear at upside down exclamation points. I'm not in math mode.
symbols punctuation font-encodings
symbols punctuation font-encodings
edited Aug 6 '13 at 8:17
lockstep
189k52584718
189k52584718
asked Aug 26 '10 at 19:18
biased_estimator
1,198284
1,198284
using it in a regression results table in a paper.
– biased_estimator
Aug 28 '10 at 2:44
@ShreevatsaR: "This example holds true for all cases where n >= 3".
– SabreWolfy
Feb 2 '12 at 13:02
see also beramono and texttt : angle brackets show as inverted exclamation mark and inverted question mark symbols (upside-down signs, like in spanish) for a font-specific answer with bera mono
– barbara beeton
Feb 10 '16 at 17:08
Worth noting that you can also use modern OpenType or TrueType fonts, in either LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, with thefontspec
package. In this case, you do not want to load the T1 encoding. The encodings will already be set up properly.
– Davislor
Oct 6 at 19:21
add a comment |
using it in a regression results table in a paper.
– biased_estimator
Aug 28 '10 at 2:44
@ShreevatsaR: "This example holds true for all cases where n >= 3".
– SabreWolfy
Feb 2 '12 at 13:02
see also beramono and texttt : angle brackets show as inverted exclamation mark and inverted question mark symbols (upside-down signs, like in spanish) for a font-specific answer with bera mono
– barbara beeton
Feb 10 '16 at 17:08
Worth noting that you can also use modern OpenType or TrueType fonts, in either LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, with thefontspec
package. In this case, you do not want to load the T1 encoding. The encodings will already be set up properly.
– Davislor
Oct 6 at 19:21
using it in a regression results table in a paper.
– biased_estimator
Aug 28 '10 at 2:44
using it in a regression results table in a paper.
– biased_estimator
Aug 28 '10 at 2:44
@ShreevatsaR: "This example holds true for all cases where n >= 3".
– SabreWolfy
Feb 2 '12 at 13:02
@ShreevatsaR: "This example holds true for all cases where n >= 3".
– SabreWolfy
Feb 2 '12 at 13:02
see also beramono and texttt : angle brackets show as inverted exclamation mark and inverted question mark symbols (upside-down signs, like in spanish) for a font-specific answer with bera mono
– barbara beeton
Feb 10 '16 at 17:08
see also beramono and texttt : angle brackets show as inverted exclamation mark and inverted question mark symbols (upside-down signs, like in spanish) for a font-specific answer with bera mono
– barbara beeton
Feb 10 '16 at 17:08
Worth noting that you can also use modern OpenType or TrueType fonts, in either LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, with the
fontspec
package. In this case, you do not want to load the T1 encoding. The encodings will already be set up properly.– Davislor
Oct 6 at 19:21
Worth noting that you can also use modern OpenType or TrueType fonts, in either LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, with the
fontspec
package. In this case, you do not want to load the T1 encoding. The encodings will already be set up properly.– Davislor
Oct 6 at 19:21
add a comment |
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
up vote
189
down vote
accepted
Geoffs tip with textless
and textgreater
will work well for you. However, you could type these symbols < and > directly in your editor and they would be correctly printed if you use the recommended font encoding, Cork resp. T1:
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
Have a look at the T1 encoding table, search for the symbols < and >. Afterwards, open the OT1 encoding table, which is the default. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. quotation mark. That should explain it.
For further reasons, why you should use T1 encoding, have a look at this question: Why should I use usepackage[T1]{fontenc}?
You should use a font supporting T1. For instance use the very good Latin Modern font, derived from the standard fonts:
usepackage{lmodern}
Or install the cm-super
package which provides the standard Computer Modern fonts with T1 support.
2
Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super?
– doncherry
Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
will this screw up any other part of the document?
– Hao Sun
Jun 13 '16 at 20:52
1
@HaoSun It's an improvement. If something would change that you don't desire, it can be fixed. If you don't want any change, just don't change.
– Stefan Kottwitz♦
Jun 13 '16 at 22:24
add a comment |
up vote
86
down vote
Use textless
and textgreater
.
8
unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or ( ... ) along with the rest of the math expression.
– barbara beeton
Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
add a comment |
up vote
17
down vote
What I usually do is just enter mathmode to type them, e.g. This object is $<$ that object
.
17
That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad.
– TH.
Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
10
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'!
– Avi Steiner
Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
@TH.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use.
– strpeter
Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
1
@strpeter While mentioning style, it is worth noting thatvariable $foo$
is not good style either: it refers to the product of$f$
,$o$
, and$o$
. You meanvariable $mathit{foo}$
.
– akim
Dec 8 '14 at 9:19
OK, I was not typing it correct in the sense of the variable as I focused on the operator. You're right - use your preferred version$mathit{foo}<0$
,$mathrm{foo}<0$
,$mathbf{foo}<0$
, or whatever variable. ;)
– strpeter
Dec 8 '14 at 10:40
add a comment |
up vote
15
down vote
May be using some other sane font encoding, something like usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
or something. (Well, I don't think any of this legacy font encoding and input encoding is sane any way).
add a comment |
protected by percusse Mar 28 '16 at 17:08
Thank you for your interest in this question.
Because it has attracted low-quality or spam answers that had to be removed, posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site (the association bonus does not count).
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
189
down vote
accepted
Geoffs tip with textless
and textgreater
will work well for you. However, you could type these symbols < and > directly in your editor and they would be correctly printed if you use the recommended font encoding, Cork resp. T1:
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
Have a look at the T1 encoding table, search for the symbols < and >. Afterwards, open the OT1 encoding table, which is the default. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. quotation mark. That should explain it.
For further reasons, why you should use T1 encoding, have a look at this question: Why should I use usepackage[T1]{fontenc}?
You should use a font supporting T1. For instance use the very good Latin Modern font, derived from the standard fonts:
usepackage{lmodern}
Or install the cm-super
package which provides the standard Computer Modern fonts with T1 support.
2
Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super?
– doncherry
Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
will this screw up any other part of the document?
– Hao Sun
Jun 13 '16 at 20:52
1
@HaoSun It's an improvement. If something would change that you don't desire, it can be fixed. If you don't want any change, just don't change.
– Stefan Kottwitz♦
Jun 13 '16 at 22:24
add a comment |
up vote
189
down vote
accepted
Geoffs tip with textless
and textgreater
will work well for you. However, you could type these symbols < and > directly in your editor and they would be correctly printed if you use the recommended font encoding, Cork resp. T1:
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
Have a look at the T1 encoding table, search for the symbols < and >. Afterwards, open the OT1 encoding table, which is the default. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. quotation mark. That should explain it.
For further reasons, why you should use T1 encoding, have a look at this question: Why should I use usepackage[T1]{fontenc}?
You should use a font supporting T1. For instance use the very good Latin Modern font, derived from the standard fonts:
usepackage{lmodern}
Or install the cm-super
package which provides the standard Computer Modern fonts with T1 support.
2
Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super?
– doncherry
Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
will this screw up any other part of the document?
– Hao Sun
Jun 13 '16 at 20:52
1
@HaoSun It's an improvement. If something would change that you don't desire, it can be fixed. If you don't want any change, just don't change.
– Stefan Kottwitz♦
Jun 13 '16 at 22:24
add a comment |
up vote
189
down vote
accepted
up vote
189
down vote
accepted
Geoffs tip with textless
and textgreater
will work well for you. However, you could type these symbols < and > directly in your editor and they would be correctly printed if you use the recommended font encoding, Cork resp. T1:
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
Have a look at the T1 encoding table, search for the symbols < and >. Afterwards, open the OT1 encoding table, which is the default. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. quotation mark. That should explain it.
For further reasons, why you should use T1 encoding, have a look at this question: Why should I use usepackage[T1]{fontenc}?
You should use a font supporting T1. For instance use the very good Latin Modern font, derived from the standard fonts:
usepackage{lmodern}
Or install the cm-super
package which provides the standard Computer Modern fonts with T1 support.
Geoffs tip with textless
and textgreater
will work well for you. However, you could type these symbols < and > directly in your editor and they would be correctly printed if you use the recommended font encoding, Cork resp. T1:
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
Have a look at the T1 encoding table, search for the symbols < and >. Afterwards, open the OT1 encoding table, which is the default. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. quotation mark. That should explain it.
For further reasons, why you should use T1 encoding, have a look at this question: Why should I use usepackage[T1]{fontenc}?
You should use a font supporting T1. For instance use the very good Latin Modern font, derived from the standard fonts:
usepackage{lmodern}
Or install the cm-super
package which provides the standard Computer Modern fonts with T1 support.
edited Apr 13 '17 at 12:35
Community♦
1
1
answered Aug 26 '10 at 20:30
Stefan Kottwitz♦
174k63566754
174k63566754
2
Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super?
– doncherry
Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
will this screw up any other part of the document?
– Hao Sun
Jun 13 '16 at 20:52
1
@HaoSun It's an improvement. If something would change that you don't desire, it can be fixed. If you don't want any change, just don't change.
– Stefan Kottwitz♦
Jun 13 '16 at 22:24
add a comment |
2
Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super?
– doncherry
Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
will this screw up any other part of the document?
– Hao Sun
Jun 13 '16 at 20:52
1
@HaoSun It's an improvement. If something would change that you don't desire, it can be fixed. If you don't want any change, just don't change.
– Stefan Kottwitz♦
Jun 13 '16 at 22:24
2
2
Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super?
– doncherry
Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super?
– doncherry
Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
will this screw up any other part of the document?
– Hao Sun
Jun 13 '16 at 20:52
will this screw up any other part of the document?
– Hao Sun
Jun 13 '16 at 20:52
1
1
@HaoSun It's an improvement. If something would change that you don't desire, it can be fixed. If you don't want any change, just don't change.
– Stefan Kottwitz♦
Jun 13 '16 at 22:24
@HaoSun It's an improvement. If something would change that you don't desire, it can be fixed. If you don't want any change, just don't change.
– Stefan Kottwitz♦
Jun 13 '16 at 22:24
add a comment |
up vote
86
down vote
Use textless
and textgreater
.
8
unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or ( ... ) along with the rest of the math expression.
– barbara beeton
Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
add a comment |
up vote
86
down vote
Use textless
and textgreater
.
8
unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or ( ... ) along with the rest of the math expression.
– barbara beeton
Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
add a comment |
up vote
86
down vote
up vote
86
down vote
Use textless
and textgreater
.
Use textless
and textgreater
.
answered Aug 26 '10 at 19:24
Geoff
1,92121214
1,92121214
8
unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or ( ... ) along with the rest of the math expression.
– barbara beeton
Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
add a comment |
8
unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or ( ... ) along with the rest of the math expression.
– barbara beeton
Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
8
8
unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or ( ... ) along with the rest of the math expression.
– barbara beeton
Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or ( ... ) along with the rest of the math expression.
– barbara beeton
Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
add a comment |
up vote
17
down vote
What I usually do is just enter mathmode to type them, e.g. This object is $<$ that object
.
17
That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad.
– TH.
Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
10
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'!
– Avi Steiner
Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
@TH.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use.
– strpeter
Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
1
@strpeter While mentioning style, it is worth noting thatvariable $foo$
is not good style either: it refers to the product of$f$
,$o$
, and$o$
. You meanvariable $mathit{foo}$
.
– akim
Dec 8 '14 at 9:19
OK, I was not typing it correct in the sense of the variable as I focused on the operator. You're right - use your preferred version$mathit{foo}<0$
,$mathrm{foo}<0$
,$mathbf{foo}<0$
, or whatever variable. ;)
– strpeter
Dec 8 '14 at 10:40
add a comment |
up vote
17
down vote
What I usually do is just enter mathmode to type them, e.g. This object is $<$ that object
.
17
That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad.
– TH.
Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
10
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'!
– Avi Steiner
Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
@TH.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use.
– strpeter
Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
1
@strpeter While mentioning style, it is worth noting thatvariable $foo$
is not good style either: it refers to the product of$f$
,$o$
, and$o$
. You meanvariable $mathit{foo}$
.
– akim
Dec 8 '14 at 9:19
OK, I was not typing it correct in the sense of the variable as I focused on the operator. You're right - use your preferred version$mathit{foo}<0$
,$mathrm{foo}<0$
,$mathbf{foo}<0$
, or whatever variable. ;)
– strpeter
Dec 8 '14 at 10:40
add a comment |
up vote
17
down vote
up vote
17
down vote
What I usually do is just enter mathmode to type them, e.g. This object is $<$ that object
.
What I usually do is just enter mathmode to type them, e.g. This object is $<$ that object
.
answered Aug 27 '10 at 20:39
Avi Steiner
43929
43929
17
That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad.
– TH.
Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
10
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'!
– Avi Steiner
Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
@TH.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use.
– strpeter
Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
1
@strpeter While mentioning style, it is worth noting thatvariable $foo$
is not good style either: it refers to the product of$f$
,$o$
, and$o$
. You meanvariable $mathit{foo}$
.
– akim
Dec 8 '14 at 9:19
OK, I was not typing it correct in the sense of the variable as I focused on the operator. You're right - use your preferred version$mathit{foo}<0$
,$mathrm{foo}<0$
,$mathbf{foo}<0$
, or whatever variable. ;)
– strpeter
Dec 8 '14 at 10:40
add a comment |
17
That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad.
– TH.
Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
10
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'!
– Avi Steiner
Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
@TH.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use.
– strpeter
Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
1
@strpeter While mentioning style, it is worth noting thatvariable $foo$
is not good style either: it refers to the product of$f$
,$o$
, and$o$
. You meanvariable $mathit{foo}$
.
– akim
Dec 8 '14 at 9:19
OK, I was not typing it correct in the sense of the variable as I focused on the operator. You're right - use your preferred version$mathit{foo}<0$
,$mathrm{foo}<0$
,$mathbf{foo}<0$
, or whatever variable. ;)
– strpeter
Dec 8 '14 at 10:40
17
17
That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad.
– TH.
Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad.
– TH.
Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
10
10
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'!
– Avi Steiner
Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'!
– Avi Steiner
Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
@TH.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use.
– strpeter
Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
@TH.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use.
– strpeter
Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
1
1
@strpeter While mentioning style, it is worth noting that
variable $foo$
is not good style either: it refers to the product of $f$
, $o$
, and $o$
. You mean variable $mathit{foo}$
.– akim
Dec 8 '14 at 9:19
@strpeter While mentioning style, it is worth noting that
variable $foo$
is not good style either: it refers to the product of $f$
, $o$
, and $o$
. You mean variable $mathit{foo}$
.– akim
Dec 8 '14 at 9:19
OK, I was not typing it correct in the sense of the variable as I focused on the operator. You're right - use your preferred version
$mathit{foo}<0$
, $mathrm{foo}<0$
, $mathbf{foo}<0$
, or whatever variable. ;)– strpeter
Dec 8 '14 at 10:40
OK, I was not typing it correct in the sense of the variable as I focused on the operator. You're right - use your preferred version
$mathit{foo}<0$
, $mathrm{foo}<0$
, $mathbf{foo}<0$
, or whatever variable. ;)– strpeter
Dec 8 '14 at 10:40
add a comment |
up vote
15
down vote
May be using some other sane font encoding, something like usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
or something. (Well, I don't think any of this legacy font encoding and input encoding is sane any way).
add a comment |
up vote
15
down vote
May be using some other sane font encoding, something like usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
or something. (Well, I don't think any of this legacy font encoding and input encoding is sane any way).
add a comment |
up vote
15
down vote
up vote
15
down vote
May be using some other sane font encoding, something like usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
or something. (Well, I don't think any of this legacy font encoding and input encoding is sane any way).
May be using some other sane font encoding, something like usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
or something. (Well, I don't think any of this legacy font encoding and input encoding is sane any way).
answered Aug 26 '10 at 20:26
Khaled Hosny
21.4k172108
21.4k172108
add a comment |
add a comment |
protected by percusse Mar 28 '16 at 17:08
Thank you for your interest in this question.
Because it has attracted low-quality or spam answers that had to be removed, posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site (the association bonus does not count).
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?
using it in a regression results table in a paper.
– biased_estimator
Aug 28 '10 at 2:44
@ShreevatsaR: "This example holds true for all cases where n >= 3".
– SabreWolfy
Feb 2 '12 at 13:02
see also beramono and texttt : angle brackets show as inverted exclamation mark and inverted question mark symbols (upside-down signs, like in spanish) for a font-specific answer with bera mono
– barbara beeton
Feb 10 '16 at 17:08
Worth noting that you can also use modern OpenType or TrueType fonts, in either LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, with the
fontspec
package. In this case, you do not want to load the T1 encoding. The encodings will already be set up properly.– Davislor
Oct 6 at 19:21