General derivative of the exponential operator w.r.t. a parameter












5












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I am interested in the calculation of the general $N$th derivative w.r.t. a parameter $lambda$ of a quantum mechanical exponential operator with the following structure:
begin{equation*}
frac{mathrm d^N}{mathrm d lambda^N} e^{-beta hat H(lambda)}
end{equation*}

In the case $n=1$ this reads as
begin{equation*}
sum_{n=0}^{+infty}sum_{m=0}^{n-1}frac{1}{n!}[hat H(lambda)]^{m}frac{mathrm dhat H(lambda)}{mathrm d lambda}[hat H(lambda)]^{n-m-1}
end{equation*}

Is there a compact fashion to rearrange the expression above for the general $N$th derivative?










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  • 1




    $begingroup$
    WP.
    $endgroup$
    – Cosmas Zachos
    Feb 20 at 12:15
















5












$begingroup$


I am interested in the calculation of the general $N$th derivative w.r.t. a parameter $lambda$ of a quantum mechanical exponential operator with the following structure:
begin{equation*}
frac{mathrm d^N}{mathrm d lambda^N} e^{-beta hat H(lambda)}
end{equation*}

In the case $n=1$ this reads as
begin{equation*}
sum_{n=0}^{+infty}sum_{m=0}^{n-1}frac{1}{n!}[hat H(lambda)]^{m}frac{mathrm dhat H(lambda)}{mathrm d lambda}[hat H(lambda)]^{n-m-1}
end{equation*}

Is there a compact fashion to rearrange the expression above for the general $N$th derivative?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    WP.
    $endgroup$
    – Cosmas Zachos
    Feb 20 at 12:15














5












5








5


0



$begingroup$


I am interested in the calculation of the general $N$th derivative w.r.t. a parameter $lambda$ of a quantum mechanical exponential operator with the following structure:
begin{equation*}
frac{mathrm d^N}{mathrm d lambda^N} e^{-beta hat H(lambda)}
end{equation*}

In the case $n=1$ this reads as
begin{equation*}
sum_{n=0}^{+infty}sum_{m=0}^{n-1}frac{1}{n!}[hat H(lambda)]^{m}frac{mathrm dhat H(lambda)}{mathrm d lambda}[hat H(lambda)]^{n-m-1}
end{equation*}

Is there a compact fashion to rearrange the expression above for the general $N$th derivative?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




I am interested in the calculation of the general $N$th derivative w.r.t. a parameter $lambda$ of a quantum mechanical exponential operator with the following structure:
begin{equation*}
frac{mathrm d^N}{mathrm d lambda^N} e^{-beta hat H(lambda)}
end{equation*}

In the case $n=1$ this reads as
begin{equation*}
sum_{n=0}^{+infty}sum_{m=0}^{n-1}frac{1}{n!}[hat H(lambda)]^{m}frac{mathrm dhat H(lambda)}{mathrm d lambda}[hat H(lambda)]^{n-m-1}
end{equation*}

Is there a compact fashion to rearrange the expression above for the general $N$th derivative?







quantum-mechanics operators mathematical-physics hamiltonian differentiation






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edited Feb 20 at 11:17









Qmechanic

105k121901203




105k121901203










asked Feb 20 at 9:54









GrazGraz

505




505








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    WP.
    $endgroup$
    – Cosmas Zachos
    Feb 20 at 12:15














  • 1




    $begingroup$
    WP.
    $endgroup$
    – Cosmas Zachos
    Feb 20 at 12:15








1




1




$begingroup$
WP.
$endgroup$
– Cosmas Zachos
Feb 20 at 12:15




$begingroup$
WP.
$endgroup$
– Cosmas Zachos
Feb 20 at 12:15










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

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8












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Hint: Use repeatedly the identity for the 1st derivative
$$ frac{d}{dlambda}e^{that{A}} ~=~ int_0^t!dt_1~ e^{(t-t_1)hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}}~=~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ .tag{1} $$
For a proof of eq. (1) see e.g. my Phys.SE answer here. Then the 2nd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2}{dlambda^2}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{2} $$

the 3rd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3}{dlambda^3}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiiint_{mathbb{R}^4_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~dt_4~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3!-!t_4)~ e^{t_4hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3hat{A}}{dlambda^3}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{3} $$

and so forth. The $N$th derivative $$frac{1}{N!}frac{d^N}{dlambda^N}e^{that{A}}~=~sumstackrel{t_{n+1}}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_n$}stackrel{t_n}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}cdots stackrel{t_3}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_2$}stackrel{t_2}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_1$}stackrel{t_1}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}tag{N}$$
is a sum of possible Feynman diagrams with Schwinger propagators $$stackrel{t_i}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}~=~e^{t_ihat{A}}, qquad t_i~in~mathbb{R}_+,tag{P}$$
and 2-vertices $$fbox{$k_i$}~=~frac{1}{k_i!}frac{d^{k_i}hat{A}}{dlambda^{k_i}}, qquad k_i~in~mathbb{N}.tag{V}$$ Each diagram in the sum has weight 1.






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$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    That's horrifying.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 21 at 18:17






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Indeed a computational nighmare. But there is beauty behind the madness.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 13:28












  • $begingroup$
    The problem with that is that you need to get through the madness to get to the beauty.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 23 at 13:30










  • $begingroup$
    $uparrow$ Ha-ha.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 14:20











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1 Answer
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1 Answer
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active

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active

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8












$begingroup$

Hint: Use repeatedly the identity for the 1st derivative
$$ frac{d}{dlambda}e^{that{A}} ~=~ int_0^t!dt_1~ e^{(t-t_1)hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}}~=~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ .tag{1} $$
For a proof of eq. (1) see e.g. my Phys.SE answer here. Then the 2nd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2}{dlambda^2}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{2} $$

the 3rd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3}{dlambda^3}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiiint_{mathbb{R}^4_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~dt_4~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3!-!t_4)~ e^{t_4hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3hat{A}}{dlambda^3}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{3} $$

and so forth. The $N$th derivative $$frac{1}{N!}frac{d^N}{dlambda^N}e^{that{A}}~=~sumstackrel{t_{n+1}}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_n$}stackrel{t_n}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}cdots stackrel{t_3}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_2$}stackrel{t_2}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_1$}stackrel{t_1}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}tag{N}$$
is a sum of possible Feynman diagrams with Schwinger propagators $$stackrel{t_i}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}~=~e^{t_ihat{A}}, qquad t_i~in~mathbb{R}_+,tag{P}$$
and 2-vertices $$fbox{$k_i$}~=~frac{1}{k_i!}frac{d^{k_i}hat{A}}{dlambda^{k_i}}, qquad k_i~in~mathbb{N}.tag{V}$$ Each diagram in the sum has weight 1.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    That's horrifying.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 21 at 18:17






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Indeed a computational nighmare. But there is beauty behind the madness.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 13:28












  • $begingroup$
    The problem with that is that you need to get through the madness to get to the beauty.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 23 at 13:30










  • $begingroup$
    $uparrow$ Ha-ha.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 14:20
















8












$begingroup$

Hint: Use repeatedly the identity for the 1st derivative
$$ frac{d}{dlambda}e^{that{A}} ~=~ int_0^t!dt_1~ e^{(t-t_1)hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}}~=~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ .tag{1} $$
For a proof of eq. (1) see e.g. my Phys.SE answer here. Then the 2nd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2}{dlambda^2}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{2} $$

the 3rd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3}{dlambda^3}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiiint_{mathbb{R}^4_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~dt_4~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3!-!t_4)~ e^{t_4hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3hat{A}}{dlambda^3}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{3} $$

and so forth. The $N$th derivative $$frac{1}{N!}frac{d^N}{dlambda^N}e^{that{A}}~=~sumstackrel{t_{n+1}}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_n$}stackrel{t_n}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}cdots stackrel{t_3}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_2$}stackrel{t_2}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_1$}stackrel{t_1}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}tag{N}$$
is a sum of possible Feynman diagrams with Schwinger propagators $$stackrel{t_i}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}~=~e^{t_ihat{A}}, qquad t_i~in~mathbb{R}_+,tag{P}$$
and 2-vertices $$fbox{$k_i$}~=~frac{1}{k_i!}frac{d^{k_i}hat{A}}{dlambda^{k_i}}, qquad k_i~in~mathbb{N}.tag{V}$$ Each diagram in the sum has weight 1.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    That's horrifying.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 21 at 18:17






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Indeed a computational nighmare. But there is beauty behind the madness.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 13:28












  • $begingroup$
    The problem with that is that you need to get through the madness to get to the beauty.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 23 at 13:30










  • $begingroup$
    $uparrow$ Ha-ha.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 14:20














8












8








8





$begingroup$

Hint: Use repeatedly the identity for the 1st derivative
$$ frac{d}{dlambda}e^{that{A}} ~=~ int_0^t!dt_1~ e^{(t-t_1)hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}}~=~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ .tag{1} $$
For a proof of eq. (1) see e.g. my Phys.SE answer here. Then the 2nd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2}{dlambda^2}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{2} $$

the 3rd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3}{dlambda^3}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiiint_{mathbb{R}^4_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~dt_4~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3!-!t_4)~ e^{t_4hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3hat{A}}{dlambda^3}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{3} $$

and so forth. The $N$th derivative $$frac{1}{N!}frac{d^N}{dlambda^N}e^{that{A}}~=~sumstackrel{t_{n+1}}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_n$}stackrel{t_n}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}cdots stackrel{t_3}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_2$}stackrel{t_2}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_1$}stackrel{t_1}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}tag{N}$$
is a sum of possible Feynman diagrams with Schwinger propagators $$stackrel{t_i}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}~=~e^{t_ihat{A}}, qquad t_i~in~mathbb{R}_+,tag{P}$$
and 2-vertices $$fbox{$k_i$}~=~frac{1}{k_i!}frac{d^{k_i}hat{A}}{dlambda^{k_i}}, qquad k_i~in~mathbb{N}.tag{V}$$ Each diagram in the sum has weight 1.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



Hint: Use repeatedly the identity for the 1st derivative
$$ frac{d}{dlambda}e^{that{A}} ~=~ int_0^t!dt_1~ e^{(t-t_1)hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}}~=~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ .tag{1} $$
For a proof of eq. (1) see e.g. my Phys.SE answer here. Then the 2nd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2}{dlambda^2}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{2} $$

the 3rd derivative becomes
$$begin{align} frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3}{dlambda^3}e^{that{A}}
&~=~iiiint_{mathbb{R}^4_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~dt_4~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3!-!t_4)~ e^{t_4hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~iiint_{mathbb{R}^3_+}!dt_1~dt_2~dt_3~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2!-!t_3)~ e^{t_3hat{A}}frac{1}{2!}frac{d^2hat{A}}{dlambda^2}e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{dhat{A}}{dlambda}e^{t_1hat{A}} cr
&~+~ iint_{mathbb{R}^2_+}!dt_1~dt_2~delta(t!-!t_1!-!t_2)~ e^{t_2hat{A}}frac{1}{3!}frac{d^3hat{A}}{dlambda^3}e^{t_1hat{A}} , qquad t~in~mathbb{R}_+ ,end{align}tag{3} $$

and so forth. The $N$th derivative $$frac{1}{N!}frac{d^N}{dlambda^N}e^{that{A}}~=~sumstackrel{t_{n+1}}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_n$}stackrel{t_n}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}cdots stackrel{t_3}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_2$}stackrel{t_2}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}fbox{$k_1$}stackrel{t_1}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}tag{N}$$
is a sum of possible Feynman diagrams with Schwinger propagators $$stackrel{t_i}{rule{1cm}{.5mm}}~=~e^{t_ihat{A}}, qquad t_i~in~mathbb{R}_+,tag{P}$$
and 2-vertices $$fbox{$k_i$}~=~frac{1}{k_i!}frac{d^{k_i}hat{A}}{dlambda^{k_i}}, qquad k_i~in~mathbb{N}.tag{V}$$ Each diagram in the sum has weight 1.







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edited Feb 23 at 14:21

























answered Feb 20 at 11:16









QmechanicQmechanic

105k121901203




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  • $begingroup$
    That's horrifying.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 21 at 18:17






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Indeed a computational nighmare. But there is beauty behind the madness.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 13:28












  • $begingroup$
    The problem with that is that you need to get through the madness to get to the beauty.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 23 at 13:30










  • $begingroup$
    $uparrow$ Ha-ha.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 14:20


















  • $begingroup$
    That's horrifying.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 21 at 18:17






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Indeed a computational nighmare. But there is beauty behind the madness.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 13:28












  • $begingroup$
    The problem with that is that you need to get through the madness to get to the beauty.
    $endgroup$
    – Emilio Pisanty
    Feb 23 at 13:30










  • $begingroup$
    $uparrow$ Ha-ha.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Feb 23 at 14:20
















$begingroup$
That's horrifying.
$endgroup$
– Emilio Pisanty
Feb 21 at 18:17




$begingroup$
That's horrifying.
$endgroup$
– Emilio Pisanty
Feb 21 at 18:17




1




1




$begingroup$
Indeed a computational nighmare. But there is beauty behind the madness.
$endgroup$
– Qmechanic
Feb 23 at 13:28






$begingroup$
Indeed a computational nighmare. But there is beauty behind the madness.
$endgroup$
– Qmechanic
Feb 23 at 13:28














$begingroup$
The problem with that is that you need to get through the madness to get to the beauty.
$endgroup$
– Emilio Pisanty
Feb 23 at 13:30




$begingroup$
The problem with that is that you need to get through the madness to get to the beauty.
$endgroup$
– Emilio Pisanty
Feb 23 at 13:30












$begingroup$
$uparrow$ Ha-ha.
$endgroup$
– Qmechanic
Feb 23 at 14:20




$begingroup$
$uparrow$ Ha-ha.
$endgroup$
– Qmechanic
Feb 23 at 14:20


















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