You're going to need several applications for this, to install them run

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys xautomation xev

or

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys xautomation x11-utils

edit: xev was merged into x11utils, as of Ubuntu 14.04 or greater.

Step 1

You need to find the button numbers for the buttons on your mouse. Run xev. You will see a litle white windows appear, put your mouse in it and press your mouse buttons (it's best to do this one button at a time). You should get output like this for each button:

ButtonRelease event, serial 41, synthetic NO, window 0x4c00001,

root 0x2e9, subw 0x4c00002, time 25804905, (31,28), root:(821,80),

state 0x110, button 1, same_screen YES

(note: xev also capture mouse movement so you might need to sift through mouse movement events to find your button events; e.g.: xev -event mouse | grep Button --before-context=1 --after-context=2)

This is what is important from that output: button 1. That tells us that particular button is button one. I would store this in a .txt file for now.

Step 2

Create the xbindkeys config file using:

xbindkeys --defaults > $HOME/.xbindkeysrc  

Next we need to add the key/button bindings to the config file. You can open this file with gedit $HOME/.xbindkeysrc. This is where the fun begins. We are going to use xte to set bindings to our buttons.

To make a button act as Ctrl we would add:

"xte 'key Control_L'"

b:1  

This would bind Ctrl to mouse button one.

If you will tell me the button numbers of your buttons and what you want each to do, I will write the script for you.

I followed the @Seth's instructions, but the binding I wanted was to for the thumb button an the M705 to do CTRL + Left-click (for opening links in a new tab in chrome browser). The binding I needed to add was this:

"xte 'keydown Control_L' 'mouseclick 1' 'keyup Control_L'"

    b:10 + Release

It waits for the thumb button to be released, and then presses control key, performs the mouse click, then releases the control key.

For anyone who wants to bind copy and paste actions to mouse buttons:

1. Follow Seth answer (the one with Step 1, Step 2 and sudo apt-get install xbindkeys xautomation xev)


2. Put following lines in your .xbindkeysrc file:

This is for copying:

"xte 'keydown Control_L' 'key c' 'keyup Control_L'"

b:9

This is for pasting:

"xte 'keydown Control_L' 'key v' 'keyup Control_L'"

b:8

*b:9 means button 9 on the mouse (check button numbers with xev)

3. It won't work right away, you must reload .xbindkeysrc first or restart your machine.

You should install Solaar, a Linux tool that allows you to manage Logitech Unifying Receiver mice and keyboards, that comes with both a GUI and command line interface. To do that add the following repository and install by executing the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:daniel.pavel/solaar



sudo apt-get update



sudo apt-get install solaar

This will allow you to increase and maximize you mouse's DPI, monitor battery, enable smooth scrolling and side scrolling. To get the multi window and zoom button working you can visit this site which walks you through the easy steps to get the functionality you are looking for:

http://www.ralf-oechsner.de/opensource/page/logitech_performance_mx

I too have the g700s gaming mouse. The good news is that it was expensive (for a mouse) and the manufacture actually built it to a high standard. The functions for the mouse are stored in the mouse. The bad news is to configure it correctly you need to use the logitech software that only runs in windows.

So...basically you need to plug the mouse into a windows box, and configure it exactly how you want it. I'd recommend utilizing the switch profiles function so you can set it up good for normal usage, ie: running your linux desktop, compiz functions (switching apps, switching workspaces, toggling maximize, etc), and then make another profile for gaming (possibly with a different refresh rate) and the gaming buttons. As for compiz consider setting the 4 side thumbs buttons to alt, ctl, shift, superkey, as this will make using switching easier with the scroll wheel. alt + scroll wheel up becomes thumb button 1 + scroll wheel up.

My scheme:

thumb button 1 (forward lower) = alt

thumb button 2 (forward upper) = shift

thumb button 3 (rear lower) = ctrl

thumb button 4 (rear upper) = superkey (windows key)

index finger middle button = ctrl + alt + numpad 5

index finger closer to you = tab

index finger farther away from you = alt-f4 (compiz/linux/winX close app)

compiz defaults:

switch workspace = alt + ctl + mouse drag = lower 2 thumb buttons together + mouse click and drag; sounds complicated when typed it out but it's very efficient to use.

switch apps = alt + tab = lower thumb forward button + index finger closer button (remember for this to work well you need to keep holding down thumb button, so you can switch past 1 app)

fading a window (transparency) = alt + scroll wheel = thumb lower forward button + scroll wheel

Then go haul it back over to your linux box and it works perfectly.

The key bindings described above works great, but consider battlefield 4 also has a terrible time recognizing the mouse as a mouse with 10 buttons so for that I had to map my 4 thumb buttons to = , and ;. But obviously in linux this is silly, and to re-bind the = key to "next app" is a lesson in futility, especially when coding hahahaha.

MUCH NEEDED LINKS IF USING VIRTUALBOX TO RUN WINDOWS 7:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20021300/usb-devices-are-not-recognized-in-virtualbox-linux-host

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0OyrvbZNwo

I've been trying to do something similar, and I've come across this page:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=65471

Hopefully it works for mx 620 as well.

I have a Logitech MX 500 and wanted to map the lateral keys with Copy and Paste actions (it is very useful).

I used this guide to understand how to configure the xbindkeysrc file and be able to map the keys.

I made a solution that works with Wayland.

Its here https://github.com/mathportillo/wayland-mouse-mapper

It uses evemu to send a device event notice to the kernel, so it's not restricted by Wayland

A summarized bash script that show how it works is below (most of the commands require root privileges)

find your device:

libinput list-devices

to directly find your pointer device name use:

libinput list-devices | grep pointer -B3 | grep -o '/dev/input/event[1-9]*'

to list your device events use (change event5 to your pointer device name):

libinput debug-events --device /dev/input/event5

to bind commands to your device events use:

while read line; do

    echo ${line} # line represents a command

    # your code goes here

done < <(stdbuf -oL libinput debug-events --device /dev/input/event5 & )

to trigger a mouse event use:

evemu-event /dev/input/event5 --sync --type EV_KEY --code KEY_PAGEUP --value 1

type can be other than keystroke, and code can be other than PageUp, value is 1 for pressed and 0 for released
yes, your mouse can trigger keystrokes, the system will interpret it the same as keyboards, its all just events from event devices.

A script that merge all the above concepts on a working mapper, that works on Wayland and can be configured as a service to start on system startup, can be found in the git repo above.

in Debian you have a xbindkeys-config package which will help you configure your key/button bindings. So do:

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys-config

Lomoco is included in Ubuntu Software Center and specifically is designed to deal with Logitech Mouse vendor-specific customizations. It can possibly accomplish some of the things you are trying to do.

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/lomoco.1.html

So I have been using my performance MX on my ubuntu machine for about 6 months. I left most buttons default, but I did go ahead and make the thumb button the Super key which is handier than going to the top left corner of the screen in gnome. And I made the zoom button a control button. But it is set to turn on CTRL and turn off CTRL with separate clicks. This really helps since I have one 4K display and one 1080, so I can click the zoom button once, scroll the wheel to zoom in and out fo web pages, and when I have the web page scaled how I want, I click the zoom again. Here is my xbindkeysrc settings:

"/usr/bin/xte 'keydown Control_L' &"

b:13

"/usr/bin/xte 'keyup Control_L' &"

Control + b:13

"/usr/bin/xte 'key Super_L'"

b:10 + release

btnx might be a simple solution for button remapping with Logitech mouses as it should be working with all brands. It has an easy graphical interface and can learn about available buttons. btnx was part of the standard repositories years ago, but has been removed. It is currently available here: https://launchpad.net/~oliverstar/+archive/ubuntu/ppa