Help with a node diagram












4














I am trying to recreate this diagram from a paper for my thesis. The idea would be that I can scale it to different sizes, only use parts of it and insert different nodes like the circles and triangles.



enter image description here



I have tried reproducing it, but I am quite unexperienced with tikz, so after hours of desperatly trying to make it work I have come up with a huge, unelegant solution, that doesn't really look the way I want it to.



PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
usepackage{tikz, pgf}
usepackage{xltxtra}
renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
usetikzlibrary{
positioning,
shapes.geometric,
shapes.misc,
calc,
fit,
matrix}

begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture} [pics/myHexagon/.style args={#1/#2/#3}%
{
code=
{
pgfmathsetmacro{mySqrt}{sqrt(3)/2}
defr{#1}
defa{#2}
defc{#3}
draw [cm={r,0,.5*r,mySqrt*r,(0,0)},fill=c,text=white]
(1+a,0) coordinate (-corner 0) coordinate (-corner 6)
-- (a,1) coordinate (-corner 1)
-- (-1-a,1) coordinate (-corner 2)
-- (-1-a,0) coordinate (-corner 3)
-- (-a,-1) coordinate (-corner 4)
-- (1+a,-1) coordinate (-corner 5)
-- cycle;
{asfd}
}
}]

draw (0,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
draw (2,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
draw (4,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
draw (6,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};


draw (2,-1.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm,fill=red] {L-Ala};
draw (1,-3) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm, fill=yellow] {D-Glu};
draw (0,-4.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Lys};
draw (0,-6) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Ala};

draw (1.7,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
draw (3,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
draw (4.3,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
draw (5.6,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
draw (6.9,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};

draw (8.5,-4.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Ala};
draw (7.5,-6) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Lys};
draw (6.5,-7.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Glu};
draw (5.5,-9) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Ala};

draw (3.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
draw (1.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
draw (7.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
draw (5.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
end{tikzpicture}



end{document}


Could someone please help me simplify and complete it?
Thanks!



[edit]



I should mention that I used Scaling only a portion of a TikZ polygon for the polygons.










share|improve this question





























    4














    I am trying to recreate this diagram from a paper for my thesis. The idea would be that I can scale it to different sizes, only use parts of it and insert different nodes like the circles and triangles.



    enter image description here



    I have tried reproducing it, but I am quite unexperienced with tikz, so after hours of desperatly trying to make it work I have come up with a huge, unelegant solution, that doesn't really look the way I want it to.



    PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
    documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
    usepackage{tikz, pgf}
    usepackage{xltxtra}
    renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
    usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
    usetikzlibrary{
    positioning,
    shapes.geometric,
    shapes.misc,
    calc,
    fit,
    matrix}

    begin{document}
    begin{tikzpicture} [pics/myHexagon/.style args={#1/#2/#3}%
    {
    code=
    {
    pgfmathsetmacro{mySqrt}{sqrt(3)/2}
    defr{#1}
    defa{#2}
    defc{#3}
    draw [cm={r,0,.5*r,mySqrt*r,(0,0)},fill=c,text=white]
    (1+a,0) coordinate (-corner 0) coordinate (-corner 6)
    -- (a,1) coordinate (-corner 1)
    -- (-1-a,1) coordinate (-corner 2)
    -- (-1-a,0) coordinate (-corner 3)
    -- (-a,-1) coordinate (-corner 4)
    -- (1+a,-1) coordinate (-corner 5)
    -- cycle;
    {asfd}
    }
    }]

    draw (0,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
    draw (2,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
    draw (4,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
    draw (6,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};


    draw (2,-1.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm,fill=red] {L-Ala};
    draw (1,-3) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm, fill=yellow] {D-Glu};
    draw (0,-4.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Lys};
    draw (0,-6) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Ala};

    draw (1.7,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
    draw (3,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
    draw (4.3,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
    draw (5.6,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
    draw (6.9,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};

    draw (8.5,-4.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Ala};
    draw (7.5,-6) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Lys};
    draw (6.5,-7.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Glu};
    draw (5.5,-9) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Ala};

    draw (3.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
    draw (1.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
    draw (7.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
    draw (5.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
    end{tikzpicture}



    end{document}


    Could someone please help me simplify and complete it?
    Thanks!



    [edit]



    I should mention that I used Scaling only a portion of a TikZ polygon for the polygons.










    share|improve this question



























      4












      4








      4


      0





      I am trying to recreate this diagram from a paper for my thesis. The idea would be that I can scale it to different sizes, only use parts of it and insert different nodes like the circles and triangles.



      enter image description here



      I have tried reproducing it, but I am quite unexperienced with tikz, so after hours of desperatly trying to make it work I have come up with a huge, unelegant solution, that doesn't really look the way I want it to.



      PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
      documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
      usepackage{tikz, pgf}
      usepackage{xltxtra}
      renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
      usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
      usetikzlibrary{
      positioning,
      shapes.geometric,
      shapes.misc,
      calc,
      fit,
      matrix}

      begin{document}
      begin{tikzpicture} [pics/myHexagon/.style args={#1/#2/#3}%
      {
      code=
      {
      pgfmathsetmacro{mySqrt}{sqrt(3)/2}
      defr{#1}
      defa{#2}
      defc{#3}
      draw [cm={r,0,.5*r,mySqrt*r,(0,0)},fill=c,text=white]
      (1+a,0) coordinate (-corner 0) coordinate (-corner 6)
      -- (a,1) coordinate (-corner 1)
      -- (-1-a,1) coordinate (-corner 2)
      -- (-1-a,0) coordinate (-corner 3)
      -- (-a,-1) coordinate (-corner 4)
      -- (1+a,-1) coordinate (-corner 5)
      -- cycle;
      {asfd}
      }
      }]

      draw (0,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
      draw (2,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
      draw (4,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
      draw (6,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};


      draw (2,-1.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm,fill=red] {L-Ala};
      draw (1,-3) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm, fill=yellow] {D-Glu};
      draw (0,-4.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Lys};
      draw (0,-6) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Ala};

      draw (1.7,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
      draw (3,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
      draw (4.3,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
      draw (5.6,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
      draw (6.9,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};

      draw (8.5,-4.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Ala};
      draw (7.5,-6) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Lys};
      draw (6.5,-7.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Glu};
      draw (5.5,-9) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Ala};

      draw (3.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
      draw (1.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
      draw (7.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
      draw (5.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
      end{tikzpicture}



      end{document}


      Could someone please help me simplify and complete it?
      Thanks!



      [edit]



      I should mention that I used Scaling only a portion of a TikZ polygon for the polygons.










      share|improve this question















      I am trying to recreate this diagram from a paper for my thesis. The idea would be that I can scale it to different sizes, only use parts of it and insert different nodes like the circles and triangles.



      enter image description here



      I have tried reproducing it, but I am quite unexperienced with tikz, so after hours of desperatly trying to make it work I have come up with a huge, unelegant solution, that doesn't really look the way I want it to.



      PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
      documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
      usepackage{tikz, pgf}
      usepackage{xltxtra}
      renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
      usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
      usetikzlibrary{
      positioning,
      shapes.geometric,
      shapes.misc,
      calc,
      fit,
      matrix}

      begin{document}
      begin{tikzpicture} [pics/myHexagon/.style args={#1/#2/#3}%
      {
      code=
      {
      pgfmathsetmacro{mySqrt}{sqrt(3)/2}
      defr{#1}
      defa{#2}
      defc{#3}
      draw [cm={r,0,.5*r,mySqrt*r,(0,0)},fill=c,text=white]
      (1+a,0) coordinate (-corner 0) coordinate (-corner 6)
      -- (a,1) coordinate (-corner 1)
      -- (-1-a,1) coordinate (-corner 2)
      -- (-1-a,0) coordinate (-corner 3)
      -- (-a,-1) coordinate (-corner 4)
      -- (1+a,-1) coordinate (-corner 5)
      -- cycle;
      {asfd}
      }
      }]

      draw (0,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
      draw (2,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
      draw (4,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
      draw (6,0) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};


      draw (2,-1.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm,fill=red] {L-Ala};
      draw (1,-3) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm, fill=yellow] {D-Glu};
      draw (0,-4.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Lys};
      draw (0,-6) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Ala};

      draw (1.7,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
      draw (3,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
      draw (4.3,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
      draw (5.6,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};
      draw (6.9,-4.5) node [shape=circle,draw,minimum height=.75cm] {Gly};

      draw (8.5,-4.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Ala};
      draw (7.5,-6) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Lys};
      draw (6.5,-7.5) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {D-Glu};
      draw (5.5,-9) node [shape=ellipse,draw,minimum height=1cm] {L-Ala};

      draw (3.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
      draw (1.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
      draw (7.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/RoyalBlue}};
      draw (5.5,-10.5) pic {myHexagon={.6/.3/DarkMagenta}};
      end{tikzpicture}



      end{document}


      Could someone please help me simplify and complete it?
      Thanks!



      [edit]



      I should mention that I used Scaling only a portion of a TikZ polygon for the polygons.







      tikz-pgf nodes






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited Dec 29 '18 at 14:40

























      asked Dec 29 '18 at 13:48









      fffff

      215




      215






















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          3














          I would like to suggest using a chamfered rectangle for the hexagon, and set a large value of for chamfered rectangle xsep. The pgfmanual writes on p. 736




          Sets the distance that the chamfer extends horizontally beyond the
          node contents (which includes the inner sep). If ⟨length⟩ is large,
          such that the top and bottom chamfered edges would cross, then
          ⟨length⟩ is ignored and the chamfered edges are drawn so that they
          meet in the middle.




          and shows a hexagon. Further, you are loading positioning, and I would like to suggest using it for relative positioning. (You may also look into chains, but I personally I find this sometimes a bit of an overkill.) So here is a first proposal.



          PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
          documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
          usepackage{tikz, pgf}
          usepackage{xltxtra}
          renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
          usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
          usetikzlibrary{
          positioning,
          shapes.geometric,
          shapes.misc,
          shadows.blur,
          calc}
          newcounter{hexa}
          begin{document}
          begin{tikzpicture}[my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
          xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
          draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
          bounding box.east)$) in
          ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
          -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
          my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
          fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
          bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
          to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
          to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
          }},
          shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
          inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
          node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
          node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
          node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
          node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
          %
          node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
          node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
          {textsc{d}-Glu};
          node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
          {textsc{l}-Lys};
          node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
          node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
          %
          node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
          {textsc{l}-Lys};
          node[below left=8mm and -5mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
          {textsc{d}-Glu};
          node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
          {L-Ala};
          %
          node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
          node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
          node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
          node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
          %
          draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
          draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
          -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
          -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
          (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
          draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
          draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
          %
          node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
          draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
          draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
          path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
          node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
          draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
          node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
          node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
          draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
          draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
          end{tikzpicture}
          end{document}


          enter image description here



          To make it smaller, you could scale it (e.g. scale=0.8,transform shape) and/or adjust the node distance.



          PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
          documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
          usepackage{tikz, pgf}
          usepackage{xltxtra}
          renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
          usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
          usetikzlibrary{
          positioning,
          shapes.geometric,
          shapes.misc,
          shadows.blur,
          calc}
          newcounter{hexa}
          begin{document}
          begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,scale=0.8,transform shape,
          every shadow/.style={shadow xshift=-0.5ex,shadow yshift=-0.5ex},
          my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
          xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
          draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
          bounding box.east)$) in
          ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
          -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
          my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
          fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
          bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
          to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
          to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
          }},
          shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
          inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
          node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
          node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
          node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
          node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
          %
          node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
          node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
          {textsc{d}-Glu};
          node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
          {textsc{l}-Lys};
          node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
          node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
          node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
          %
          node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
          {textsc{l}-Lys};
          node[below left=8mm and -2mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
          {textsc{d}-Glu};
          node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
          {L-Ala};
          %
          node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
          node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
          node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
          node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
          %
          draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
          draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
          -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
          -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
          (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
          draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
          draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
          %
          node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
          draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
          draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
          path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
          node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
          draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
          node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
          node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
          draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
          draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
          draw (Glc1.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0) (Mur2.east) -- ++ (0.2,0)
          (Glc4.east) -- ++ (0.2,0) (Mur4.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0);
          end{tikzpicture}
          end{document}


          enter image description here



          This last version also comes with more realistic shadows, which are opposite to the bright spots.






          share|improve this answer























          • Is there a way to make it smaller? But in a way that it is still comfortably readable and you don't have to change every single number by hand.
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 15:57






          • 1




            @fffff Yes, I added some information on possibilities to scale it.
            – marmot
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:04










          • when I compile it in texstudio (with xelatex) the shadows are rectangular, how do I fix that?
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:16






          • 1




            @fffff The screenshots show the results of compilations with xelatex. Sorry, I never use texstudio. The only additional information I have is that Ulrike Fischer made an update that fixed some issues with shadow.blur and xelatex, so you may want to update your TeX installation. If that does not help, you could replace shadows.blur by shadows and blur shadow by drop shadow.
            – marmot
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:20










          • one little detail, how can you continue the line on the left and right of the polysaccharides a bit, in order to show that the chain continues?
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:44



















          3














          alternative solution, less fancy (but this can be simple add), with relative positioning of nodes and with some effort to make code short ...



          documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
          renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
          usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
          usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}

          PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
          usepackage{tikz}
          usetikzlibrary{calc, chains,
          positioning,
          shadows,
          shapes.geometric, shapes.symbols
          }
          makeatletter
          tikzset{suppress join/.code={deftikz@after@path{}}}
          makeatother

          begin{document}
          begin{tikzpicture}[
          node distance = 8mm and 6mm,
          start chain = going right,
          HEX/.style = {signal, signal to=left and right,
          signal pointer angle=120,
          draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
          minimum height=10mm, inner sep=-3pt,
          drop shadow,
          on chain, join=by -},
          ELL/.style = {ellipse, draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
          minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
          on chain, join=by -},
          CIR/.style = {circle, draw=olive, ball color=olive!50,
          minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
          on chain, join=by -},
          TRI/.style = {isosceles triangle, draw=red, fill=red!60,
          isosceles triangle apex angle=60,
          shape border rotate=90}
          ]

          node (h11) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
          node (h12) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
          node (h13) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
          node (h14) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
          draw (h11.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
          (h14.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
          %
          node (e11) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
          below=of h12] {L-Ala};
          node (e12) [ELL=orange,
          below left=of e11,
          pin=right:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
          node (e13) [ELL=teal, below left=of e12] {L-Lys};
          draw (h12) -- (e11);
          node (c1) [CIR,suppress join,
          right=of e13] {Gly};
          draw (e13) -- (c1);
          %
          node (c1) [CIR] {Gly};
          node (c2) [CIR] {Gly};
          node (c3) [CIR] {Gly};
          node (c4) [CIR] {Gly};
          node (e21) [ELL=teal,on chain,join=by -] {D-Ala};
          node (e22) [ELL=purple,below left=of e21] {L-Lys};
          node (e23) [ELL=purple!50!black,
          below left=of e22,
          pin=left:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
          node (e24) [ELL=teal,below left=of e23] {L-Ala};
          %
          node (h23) [HEX=DarkMagenta,
          below=of e24] {MurNAc};
          node (h22) [HEX=RoyalBlue,left=of h23] {GlcNAc};
          node (h21) [HEX=DarkMagenta,left=of h22] {MurNAc};
          node (h24) [HEX=RoyalBlue,suppress join,
          right=of h23] {GlcNAc};
          draw (h21.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
          (h23) -- (h24)
          (h24.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
          %
          node (A) [CIR,ball color=yellow, suppress join,
          left=of e11] {A};
          node (e25) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
          below=of e13] {L-Ala};
          draw (e13) -- (e25);
          node (t1) [TRI, above=of c3] {E4};
          coordinate (t2) at ($(c4)!0.5!(e21)$);
          node (t3) [TRI, at=(t2 |- t1)] {E5};
          draw[-latex,red, shorten <=1mm, shorten >=1mm]
          (A) edge ($(h12)!0.5!(e11)$)
          %
          (t1) edge ($(c2)!0.5!(c3)$)
          (t1) edge ($(c3)!0.5!(c4)$)
          (t3) to (t2);
          end{tikzpicture}
          end{document}


          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer





















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            3














            I would like to suggest using a chamfered rectangle for the hexagon, and set a large value of for chamfered rectangle xsep. The pgfmanual writes on p. 736




            Sets the distance that the chamfer extends horizontally beyond the
            node contents (which includes the inner sep). If ⟨length⟩ is large,
            such that the top and bottom chamfered edges would cross, then
            ⟨length⟩ is ignored and the chamfered edges are drawn so that they
            meet in the middle.




            and shows a hexagon. Further, you are loading positioning, and I would like to suggest using it for relative positioning. (You may also look into chains, but I personally I find this sometimes a bit of an overkill.) So here is a first proposal.



            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            usepackage{tikz, pgf}
            usepackage{xltxtra}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usetikzlibrary{
            positioning,
            shapes.geometric,
            shapes.misc,
            shadows.blur,
            calc}
            newcounter{hexa}
            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
            xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in
            ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
            my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
            to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
            }},
            shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
            inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
            node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
            %
            node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
            node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
            %
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
            {L-Ala};
            %
            node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
            node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
            node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
            %
            draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
            draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
            -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
            -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
            (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
            draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
            draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
            %
            node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
            path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
            node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
            node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
            node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
            draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
            draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here



            To make it smaller, you could scale it (e.g. scale=0.8,transform shape) and/or adjust the node distance.



            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            usepackage{tikz, pgf}
            usepackage{xltxtra}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usetikzlibrary{
            positioning,
            shapes.geometric,
            shapes.misc,
            shadows.blur,
            calc}
            newcounter{hexa}
            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,scale=0.8,transform shape,
            every shadow/.style={shadow xshift=-0.5ex,shadow yshift=-0.5ex},
            my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
            xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in
            ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
            my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
            to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
            }},
            shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
            inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
            node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
            %
            node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
            node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
            %
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
            {L-Ala};
            %
            node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
            node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
            node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
            %
            draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
            draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
            -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
            -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
            (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
            draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
            draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
            %
            node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
            path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
            node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
            node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
            node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
            draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
            draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
            draw (Glc1.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0) (Mur2.east) -- ++ (0.2,0)
            (Glc4.east) -- ++ (0.2,0) (Mur4.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here



            This last version also comes with more realistic shadows, which are opposite to the bright spots.






            share|improve this answer























            • Is there a way to make it smaller? But in a way that it is still comfortably readable and you don't have to change every single number by hand.
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 15:57






            • 1




              @fffff Yes, I added some information on possibilities to scale it.
              – marmot
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:04










            • when I compile it in texstudio (with xelatex) the shadows are rectangular, how do I fix that?
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:16






            • 1




              @fffff The screenshots show the results of compilations with xelatex. Sorry, I never use texstudio. The only additional information I have is that Ulrike Fischer made an update that fixed some issues with shadow.blur and xelatex, so you may want to update your TeX installation. If that does not help, you could replace shadows.blur by shadows and blur shadow by drop shadow.
              – marmot
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:20










            • one little detail, how can you continue the line on the left and right of the polysaccharides a bit, in order to show that the chain continues?
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:44
















            3














            I would like to suggest using a chamfered rectangle for the hexagon, and set a large value of for chamfered rectangle xsep. The pgfmanual writes on p. 736




            Sets the distance that the chamfer extends horizontally beyond the
            node contents (which includes the inner sep). If ⟨length⟩ is large,
            such that the top and bottom chamfered edges would cross, then
            ⟨length⟩ is ignored and the chamfered edges are drawn so that they
            meet in the middle.




            and shows a hexagon. Further, you are loading positioning, and I would like to suggest using it for relative positioning. (You may also look into chains, but I personally I find this sometimes a bit of an overkill.) So here is a first proposal.



            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            usepackage{tikz, pgf}
            usepackage{xltxtra}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usetikzlibrary{
            positioning,
            shapes.geometric,
            shapes.misc,
            shadows.blur,
            calc}
            newcounter{hexa}
            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
            xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in
            ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
            my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
            to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
            }},
            shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
            inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
            node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
            %
            node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
            node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
            %
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
            {L-Ala};
            %
            node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
            node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
            node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
            %
            draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
            draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
            -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
            -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
            (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
            draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
            draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
            %
            node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
            path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
            node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
            node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
            node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
            draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
            draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here



            To make it smaller, you could scale it (e.g. scale=0.8,transform shape) and/or adjust the node distance.



            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            usepackage{tikz, pgf}
            usepackage{xltxtra}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usetikzlibrary{
            positioning,
            shapes.geometric,
            shapes.misc,
            shadows.blur,
            calc}
            newcounter{hexa}
            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,scale=0.8,transform shape,
            every shadow/.style={shadow xshift=-0.5ex,shadow yshift=-0.5ex},
            my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
            xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in
            ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
            my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
            to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
            }},
            shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
            inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
            node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
            %
            node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
            node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
            %
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
            {L-Ala};
            %
            node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
            node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
            node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
            %
            draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
            draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
            -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
            -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
            (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
            draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
            draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
            %
            node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
            path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
            node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
            node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
            node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
            draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
            draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
            draw (Glc1.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0) (Mur2.east) -- ++ (0.2,0)
            (Glc4.east) -- ++ (0.2,0) (Mur4.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here



            This last version also comes with more realistic shadows, which are opposite to the bright spots.






            share|improve this answer























            • Is there a way to make it smaller? But in a way that it is still comfortably readable and you don't have to change every single number by hand.
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 15:57






            • 1




              @fffff Yes, I added some information on possibilities to scale it.
              – marmot
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:04










            • when I compile it in texstudio (with xelatex) the shadows are rectangular, how do I fix that?
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:16






            • 1




              @fffff The screenshots show the results of compilations with xelatex. Sorry, I never use texstudio. The only additional information I have is that Ulrike Fischer made an update that fixed some issues with shadow.blur and xelatex, so you may want to update your TeX installation. If that does not help, you could replace shadows.blur by shadows and blur shadow by drop shadow.
              – marmot
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:20










            • one little detail, how can you continue the line on the left and right of the polysaccharides a bit, in order to show that the chain continues?
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:44














            3












            3








            3






            I would like to suggest using a chamfered rectangle for the hexagon, and set a large value of for chamfered rectangle xsep. The pgfmanual writes on p. 736




            Sets the distance that the chamfer extends horizontally beyond the
            node contents (which includes the inner sep). If ⟨length⟩ is large,
            such that the top and bottom chamfered edges would cross, then
            ⟨length⟩ is ignored and the chamfered edges are drawn so that they
            meet in the middle.




            and shows a hexagon. Further, you are loading positioning, and I would like to suggest using it for relative positioning. (You may also look into chains, but I personally I find this sometimes a bit of an overkill.) So here is a first proposal.



            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            usepackage{tikz, pgf}
            usepackage{xltxtra}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usetikzlibrary{
            positioning,
            shapes.geometric,
            shapes.misc,
            shadows.blur,
            calc}
            newcounter{hexa}
            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
            xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in
            ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
            my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
            to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
            }},
            shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
            inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
            node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
            %
            node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
            node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
            %
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
            {L-Ala};
            %
            node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
            node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
            node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
            %
            draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
            draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
            -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
            -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
            (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
            draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
            draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
            %
            node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
            path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
            node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
            node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
            node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
            draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
            draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here



            To make it smaller, you could scale it (e.g. scale=0.8,transform shape) and/or adjust the node distance.



            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            usepackage{tikz, pgf}
            usepackage{xltxtra}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usetikzlibrary{
            positioning,
            shapes.geometric,
            shapes.misc,
            shadows.blur,
            calc}
            newcounter{hexa}
            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,scale=0.8,transform shape,
            every shadow/.style={shadow xshift=-0.5ex,shadow yshift=-0.5ex},
            my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
            xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in
            ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
            my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
            to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
            }},
            shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
            inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
            node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
            %
            node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
            node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
            %
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
            {L-Ala};
            %
            node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
            node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
            node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
            %
            draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
            draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
            -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
            -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
            (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
            draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
            draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
            %
            node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
            path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
            node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
            node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
            node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
            draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
            draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
            draw (Glc1.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0) (Mur2.east) -- ++ (0.2,0)
            (Glc4.east) -- ++ (0.2,0) (Mur4.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here



            This last version also comes with more realistic shadows, which are opposite to the bright spots.






            share|improve this answer














            I would like to suggest using a chamfered rectangle for the hexagon, and set a large value of for chamfered rectangle xsep. The pgfmanual writes on p. 736




            Sets the distance that the chamfer extends horizontally beyond the
            node contents (which includes the inner sep). If ⟨length⟩ is large,
            such that the top and bottom chamfered edges would cross, then
            ⟨length⟩ is ignored and the chamfered edges are drawn so that they
            meet in the middle.




            and shows a hexagon. Further, you are loading positioning, and I would like to suggest using it for relative positioning. (You may also look into chains, but I personally I find this sometimes a bit of an overkill.) So here is a first proposal.



            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            usepackage{tikz, pgf}
            usepackage{xltxtra}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usetikzlibrary{
            positioning,
            shapes.geometric,
            shapes.misc,
            shadows.blur,
            calc}
            newcounter{hexa}
            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
            xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in
            ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
            my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
            to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
            }},
            shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
            inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
            node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
            %
            node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
            node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
            %
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
            {L-Ala};
            %
            node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
            node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
            node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
            %
            draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
            draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
            -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
            -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
            (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
            draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
            draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
            %
            node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
            path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
            node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
            node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
            node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
            draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
            draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here



            To make it smaller, you could scale it (e.g. scale=0.8,transform shape) and/or adjust the node distance.



            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            usepackage{tikz, pgf}
            usepackage{xltxtra}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usetikzlibrary{
            positioning,
            shapes.geometric,
            shapes.misc,
            shadows.blur,
            calc}
            newcounter{hexa}
            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,scale=0.8,transform shape,
            every shadow/.style={shadow xshift=-0.5ex,shadow yshift=-0.5ex},
            my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
            xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            draw[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in
            ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            -- ++(-y1+1pt,y1-1pt) -- ++(2*x1,0);}},
            my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
            fill[white] let p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
            bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
            to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
            to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
            }},
            shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
            inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
            node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
            node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
            %
            node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
            node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
            node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
            %
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
            {textsc{l}-Lys};
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
            {textsc{d}-Glu};
            node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2)
            {L-Ala};
            %
            node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
            node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
            node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
            node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
            %
            draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
            draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
            -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
            -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) --
            (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
            draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4);
            draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2);
            %
            node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
            path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
            node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
            draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
            node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
            node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
            draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
            draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
            draw (Glc1.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0) (Mur2.east) -- ++ (0.2,0)
            (Glc4.east) -- ++ (0.2,0) (Mur4.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here



            This last version also comes with more realistic shadows, which are opposite to the bright spots.







            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited Dec 29 '18 at 17:01

























            answered Dec 29 '18 at 15:20









            marmot

            89.1k4102191




            89.1k4102191












            • Is there a way to make it smaller? But in a way that it is still comfortably readable and you don't have to change every single number by hand.
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 15:57






            • 1




              @fffff Yes, I added some information on possibilities to scale it.
              – marmot
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:04










            • when I compile it in texstudio (with xelatex) the shadows are rectangular, how do I fix that?
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:16






            • 1




              @fffff The screenshots show the results of compilations with xelatex. Sorry, I never use texstudio. The only additional information I have is that Ulrike Fischer made an update that fixed some issues with shadow.blur and xelatex, so you may want to update your TeX installation. If that does not help, you could replace shadows.blur by shadows and blur shadow by drop shadow.
              – marmot
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:20










            • one little detail, how can you continue the line on the left and right of the polysaccharides a bit, in order to show that the chain continues?
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:44


















            • Is there a way to make it smaller? But in a way that it is still comfortably readable and you don't have to change every single number by hand.
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 15:57






            • 1




              @fffff Yes, I added some information on possibilities to scale it.
              – marmot
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:04










            • when I compile it in texstudio (with xelatex) the shadows are rectangular, how do I fix that?
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:16






            • 1




              @fffff The screenshots show the results of compilations with xelatex. Sorry, I never use texstudio. The only additional information I have is that Ulrike Fischer made an update that fixed some issues with shadow.blur and xelatex, so you may want to update your TeX installation. If that does not help, you could replace shadows.blur by shadows and blur shadow by drop shadow.
              – marmot
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:20










            • one little detail, how can you continue the line on the left and right of the polysaccharides a bit, in order to show that the chain continues?
              – fffff
              Dec 29 '18 at 16:44
















            Is there a way to make it smaller? But in a way that it is still comfortably readable and you don't have to change every single number by hand.
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 15:57




            Is there a way to make it smaller? But in a way that it is still comfortably readable and you don't have to change every single number by hand.
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 15:57




            1




            1




            @fffff Yes, I added some information on possibilities to scale it.
            – marmot
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:04




            @fffff Yes, I added some information on possibilities to scale it.
            – marmot
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:04












            when I compile it in texstudio (with xelatex) the shadows are rectangular, how do I fix that?
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:16




            when I compile it in texstudio (with xelatex) the shadows are rectangular, how do I fix that?
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:16




            1




            1




            @fffff The screenshots show the results of compilations with xelatex. Sorry, I never use texstudio. The only additional information I have is that Ulrike Fischer made an update that fixed some issues with shadow.blur and xelatex, so you may want to update your TeX installation. If that does not help, you could replace shadows.blur by shadows and blur shadow by drop shadow.
            – marmot
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:20




            @fffff The screenshots show the results of compilations with xelatex. Sorry, I never use texstudio. The only additional information I have is that Ulrike Fischer made an update that fixed some issues with shadow.blur and xelatex, so you may want to update your TeX installation. If that does not help, you could replace shadows.blur by shadows and blur shadow by drop shadow.
            – marmot
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:20












            one little detail, how can you continue the line on the left and right of the polysaccharides a bit, in order to show that the chain continues?
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:44




            one little detail, how can you continue the line on the left and right of the polysaccharides a bit, in order to show that the chain continues?
            – fffff
            Dec 29 '18 at 16:44











            3














            alternative solution, less fancy (but this can be simple add), with relative positioning of nodes and with some effort to make code short ...



            documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
            renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
            usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
            usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}

            PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
            usepackage{tikz}
            usetikzlibrary{calc, chains,
            positioning,
            shadows,
            shapes.geometric, shapes.symbols
            }
            makeatletter
            tikzset{suppress join/.code={deftikz@after@path{}}}
            makeatother

            begin{document}
            begin{tikzpicture}[
            node distance = 8mm and 6mm,
            start chain = going right,
            HEX/.style = {signal, signal to=left and right,
            signal pointer angle=120,
            draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
            minimum height=10mm, inner sep=-3pt,
            drop shadow,
            on chain, join=by -},
            ELL/.style = {ellipse, draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
            minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
            on chain, join=by -},
            CIR/.style = {circle, draw=olive, ball color=olive!50,
            minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
            on chain, join=by -},
            TRI/.style = {isosceles triangle, draw=red, fill=red!60,
            isosceles triangle apex angle=60,
            shape border rotate=90}
            ]

            node (h11) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
            node (h12) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
            node (h13) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
            node (h14) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
            draw (h11.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
            (h14.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
            %
            node (e11) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
            below=of h12] {L-Ala};
            node (e12) [ELL=orange,
            below left=of e11,
            pin=right:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
            node (e13) [ELL=teal, below left=of e12] {L-Lys};
            draw (h12) -- (e11);
            node (c1) [CIR,suppress join,
            right=of e13] {Gly};
            draw (e13) -- (c1);
            %
            node (c1) [CIR] {Gly};
            node (c2) [CIR] {Gly};
            node (c3) [CIR] {Gly};
            node (c4) [CIR] {Gly};
            node (e21) [ELL=teal,on chain,join=by -] {D-Ala};
            node (e22) [ELL=purple,below left=of e21] {L-Lys};
            node (e23) [ELL=purple!50!black,
            below left=of e22,
            pin=left:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
            node (e24) [ELL=teal,below left=of e23] {L-Ala};
            %
            node (h23) [HEX=DarkMagenta,
            below=of e24] {MurNAc};
            node (h22) [HEX=RoyalBlue,left=of h23] {GlcNAc};
            node (h21) [HEX=DarkMagenta,left=of h22] {MurNAc};
            node (h24) [HEX=RoyalBlue,suppress join,
            right=of h23] {GlcNAc};
            draw (h21.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
            (h23) -- (h24)
            (h24.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
            %
            node (A) [CIR,ball color=yellow, suppress join,
            left=of e11] {A};
            node (e25) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
            below=of e13] {L-Ala};
            draw (e13) -- (e25);
            node (t1) [TRI, above=of c3] {E4};
            coordinate (t2) at ($(c4)!0.5!(e21)$);
            node (t3) [TRI, at=(t2 |- t1)] {E5};
            draw[-latex,red, shorten <=1mm, shorten >=1mm]
            (A) edge ($(h12)!0.5!(e11)$)
            %
            (t1) edge ($(c2)!0.5!(c3)$)
            (t1) edge ($(c3)!0.5!(c4)$)
            (t3) to (t2);
            end{tikzpicture}
            end{document}


            enter image description here






            share|improve this answer


























              3














              alternative solution, less fancy (but this can be simple add), with relative positioning of nodes and with some effort to make code short ...



              documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
              renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
              usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
              usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}

              PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
              usepackage{tikz}
              usetikzlibrary{calc, chains,
              positioning,
              shadows,
              shapes.geometric, shapes.symbols
              }
              makeatletter
              tikzset{suppress join/.code={deftikz@after@path{}}}
              makeatother

              begin{document}
              begin{tikzpicture}[
              node distance = 8mm and 6mm,
              start chain = going right,
              HEX/.style = {signal, signal to=left and right,
              signal pointer angle=120,
              draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
              minimum height=10mm, inner sep=-3pt,
              drop shadow,
              on chain, join=by -},
              ELL/.style = {ellipse, draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
              minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
              on chain, join=by -},
              CIR/.style = {circle, draw=olive, ball color=olive!50,
              minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
              on chain, join=by -},
              TRI/.style = {isosceles triangle, draw=red, fill=red!60,
              isosceles triangle apex angle=60,
              shape border rotate=90}
              ]

              node (h11) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
              node (h12) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
              node (h13) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
              node (h14) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
              draw (h11.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
              (h14.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
              %
              node (e11) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
              below=of h12] {L-Ala};
              node (e12) [ELL=orange,
              below left=of e11,
              pin=right:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
              node (e13) [ELL=teal, below left=of e12] {L-Lys};
              draw (h12) -- (e11);
              node (c1) [CIR,suppress join,
              right=of e13] {Gly};
              draw (e13) -- (c1);
              %
              node (c1) [CIR] {Gly};
              node (c2) [CIR] {Gly};
              node (c3) [CIR] {Gly};
              node (c4) [CIR] {Gly};
              node (e21) [ELL=teal,on chain,join=by -] {D-Ala};
              node (e22) [ELL=purple,below left=of e21] {L-Lys};
              node (e23) [ELL=purple!50!black,
              below left=of e22,
              pin=left:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
              node (e24) [ELL=teal,below left=of e23] {L-Ala};
              %
              node (h23) [HEX=DarkMagenta,
              below=of e24] {MurNAc};
              node (h22) [HEX=RoyalBlue,left=of h23] {GlcNAc};
              node (h21) [HEX=DarkMagenta,left=of h22] {MurNAc};
              node (h24) [HEX=RoyalBlue,suppress join,
              right=of h23] {GlcNAc};
              draw (h21.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
              (h23) -- (h24)
              (h24.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
              %
              node (A) [CIR,ball color=yellow, suppress join,
              left=of e11] {A};
              node (e25) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
              below=of e13] {L-Ala};
              draw (e13) -- (e25);
              node (t1) [TRI, above=of c3] {E4};
              coordinate (t2) at ($(c4)!0.5!(e21)$);
              node (t3) [TRI, at=(t2 |- t1)] {E5};
              draw[-latex,red, shorten <=1mm, shorten >=1mm]
              (A) edge ($(h12)!0.5!(e11)$)
              %
              (t1) edge ($(c2)!0.5!(c3)$)
              (t1) edge ($(c3)!0.5!(c4)$)
              (t3) to (t2);
              end{tikzpicture}
              end{document}


              enter image description here






              share|improve this answer
























                3












                3








                3






                alternative solution, less fancy (but this can be simple add), with relative positioning of nodes and with some effort to make code short ...



                documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
                renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
                usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
                usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}

                PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
                usepackage{tikz}
                usetikzlibrary{calc, chains,
                positioning,
                shadows,
                shapes.geometric, shapes.symbols
                }
                makeatletter
                tikzset{suppress join/.code={deftikz@after@path{}}}
                makeatother

                begin{document}
                begin{tikzpicture}[
                node distance = 8mm and 6mm,
                start chain = going right,
                HEX/.style = {signal, signal to=left and right,
                signal pointer angle=120,
                draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
                minimum height=10mm, inner sep=-3pt,
                drop shadow,
                on chain, join=by -},
                ELL/.style = {ellipse, draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
                minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
                on chain, join=by -},
                CIR/.style = {circle, draw=olive, ball color=olive!50,
                minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
                on chain, join=by -},
                TRI/.style = {isosceles triangle, draw=red, fill=red!60,
                isosceles triangle apex angle=60,
                shape border rotate=90}
                ]

                node (h11) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
                node (h12) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
                node (h13) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
                node (h14) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
                draw (h11.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
                (h14.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
                %
                node (e11) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
                below=of h12] {L-Ala};
                node (e12) [ELL=orange,
                below left=of e11,
                pin=right:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
                node (e13) [ELL=teal, below left=of e12] {L-Lys};
                draw (h12) -- (e11);
                node (c1) [CIR,suppress join,
                right=of e13] {Gly};
                draw (e13) -- (c1);
                %
                node (c1) [CIR] {Gly};
                node (c2) [CIR] {Gly};
                node (c3) [CIR] {Gly};
                node (c4) [CIR] {Gly};
                node (e21) [ELL=teal,on chain,join=by -] {D-Ala};
                node (e22) [ELL=purple,below left=of e21] {L-Lys};
                node (e23) [ELL=purple!50!black,
                below left=of e22,
                pin=left:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
                node (e24) [ELL=teal,below left=of e23] {L-Ala};
                %
                node (h23) [HEX=DarkMagenta,
                below=of e24] {MurNAc};
                node (h22) [HEX=RoyalBlue,left=of h23] {GlcNAc};
                node (h21) [HEX=DarkMagenta,left=of h22] {MurNAc};
                node (h24) [HEX=RoyalBlue,suppress join,
                right=of h23] {GlcNAc};
                draw (h21.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
                (h23) -- (h24)
                (h24.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
                %
                node (A) [CIR,ball color=yellow, suppress join,
                left=of e11] {A};
                node (e25) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
                below=of e13] {L-Ala};
                draw (e13) -- (e25);
                node (t1) [TRI, above=of c3] {E4};
                coordinate (t2) at ($(c4)!0.5!(e21)$);
                node (t3) [TRI, at=(t2 |- t1)] {E5};
                draw[-latex,red, shorten <=1mm, shorten >=1mm]
                (A) edge ($(h12)!0.5!(e11)$)
                %
                (t1) edge ($(c2)!0.5!(c3)$)
                (t1) edge ($(c3)!0.5!(c4)$)
                (t3) to (t2);
                end{tikzpicture}
                end{document}


                enter image description here






                share|improve this answer












                alternative solution, less fancy (but this can be simple add), with relative positioning of nodes and with some effort to make code short ...



                documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
                renewcommand{familydefault}{sfdefault}
                usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
                usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}

                PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
                usepackage{tikz}
                usetikzlibrary{calc, chains,
                positioning,
                shadows,
                shapes.geometric, shapes.symbols
                }
                makeatletter
                tikzset{suppress join/.code={deftikz@after@path{}}}
                makeatother

                begin{document}
                begin{tikzpicture}[
                node distance = 8mm and 6mm,
                start chain = going right,
                HEX/.style = {signal, signal to=left and right,
                signal pointer angle=120,
                draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
                minimum height=10mm, inner sep=-3pt,
                drop shadow,
                on chain, join=by -},
                ELL/.style = {ellipse, draw=#1, fill=#1!60, text=white,
                minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
                on chain, join=by -},
                CIR/.style = {circle, draw=olive, ball color=olive!50,
                minimum height=8mm, drop shadow,
                on chain, join=by -},
                TRI/.style = {isosceles triangle, draw=red, fill=red!60,
                isosceles triangle apex angle=60,
                shape border rotate=90}
                ]

                node (h11) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
                node (h12) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
                node (h13) [HEX=RoyalBlue] {GlcNAc};
                node (h14) [HEX=DarkMagenta] {MurNAc};
                draw (h11.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
                (h14.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
                %
                node (e11) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
                below=of h12] {L-Ala};
                node (e12) [ELL=orange,
                below left=of e11,
                pin=right:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
                node (e13) [ELL=teal, below left=of e12] {L-Lys};
                draw (h12) -- (e11);
                node (c1) [CIR,suppress join,
                right=of e13] {Gly};
                draw (e13) -- (c1);
                %
                node (c1) [CIR] {Gly};
                node (c2) [CIR] {Gly};
                node (c3) [CIR] {Gly};
                node (c4) [CIR] {Gly};
                node (e21) [ELL=teal,on chain,join=by -] {D-Ala};
                node (e22) [ELL=purple,below left=of e21] {L-Lys};
                node (e23) [ELL=purple!50!black,
                below left=of e22,
                pin=left:ce{NH2}] {D-Glu};
                node (e24) [ELL=teal,below left=of e23] {L-Ala};
                %
                node (h23) [HEX=DarkMagenta,
                below=of e24] {MurNAc};
                node (h22) [HEX=RoyalBlue,left=of h23] {GlcNAc};
                node (h21) [HEX=DarkMagenta,left=of h22] {MurNAc};
                node (h24) [HEX=RoyalBlue,suppress join,
                right=of h23] {GlcNAc};
                draw (h21.west) -- + (-0.5,0)
                (h23) -- (h24)
                (h24.east) -- + ( 0.5,0);
                %
                node (A) [CIR,ball color=yellow, suppress join,
                left=of e11] {A};
                node (e25) [ELL=teal,suppress join,
                below=of e13] {L-Ala};
                draw (e13) -- (e25);
                node (t1) [TRI, above=of c3] {E4};
                coordinate (t2) at ($(c4)!0.5!(e21)$);
                node (t3) [TRI, at=(t2 |- t1)] {E5};
                draw[-latex,red, shorten <=1mm, shorten >=1mm]
                (A) edge ($(h12)!0.5!(e11)$)
                %
                (t1) edge ($(c2)!0.5!(c3)$)
                (t1) edge ($(c3)!0.5!(c4)$)
                (t3) to (t2);
                end{tikzpicture}
                end{document}


                enter image description here







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                answered Dec 29 '18 at 18:26









                Zarko

                121k865158




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