Prove these two functions are in $H^2(mathbb{R}^n)$











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1
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I want to prove that the equation
$$u -Delta u=f$$



with $f in L^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$ admits a solution in $H^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$ with $n=1,3$.



Taking Fourier transforms and resolving, I get:



$$u(x)=left( frac {e^{-|y|}}{2} ast f right) (x)$$



when $n=1$ and



$$u(x)=left( frac {e^{-|y|}}{4 pi |y|} ast f right) (x)$$



when $n=3$. Do these functions belong to $H^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$? And how do I prove it?
(I don’t know if I should use the $H$ definition with approximations or the $W$ definition with weak derivatives)



EDIT: I just realized (don’t know why it took so much) that the problem I had can be solved by using Young inequality. For some reason I kept thinking I needed the derivative of $frac{e^{-|x|}}{|x|}$ to be in $L^2$










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  • Use ast for convolution instead of star.
    – Umberto P.
    Nov 12 at 18:11










  • Can you calculate the derivatives directly?
    – Umberto P.
    Nov 12 at 18:12












  • Yeah, but I fear those would not be in $L^2$, especially for the second case with $n=3$, because you have a division by $|y|$. Of course I would put all the derivatives on the first term
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:17










  • Actually it would be great if it worked with $W^{2,p}$ with $p in (1,2)$, because of the work I’ll have to do later.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:21






  • 1




    If you need $H^s$ regularity I would work purely in Fourier. A function is $H^2$ iff $(1+|xi|^2)^{s/2}hat{f}in L^2$, use this.
    – Giuseppe Negro
    Nov 12 at 18:25















up vote
1
down vote

favorite












I want to prove that the equation
$$u -Delta u=f$$



with $f in L^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$ admits a solution in $H^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$ with $n=1,3$.



Taking Fourier transforms and resolving, I get:



$$u(x)=left( frac {e^{-|y|}}{2} ast f right) (x)$$



when $n=1$ and



$$u(x)=left( frac {e^{-|y|}}{4 pi |y|} ast f right) (x)$$



when $n=3$. Do these functions belong to $H^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$? And how do I prove it?
(I don’t know if I should use the $H$ definition with approximations or the $W$ definition with weak derivatives)



EDIT: I just realized (don’t know why it took so much) that the problem I had can be solved by using Young inequality. For some reason I kept thinking I needed the derivative of $frac{e^{-|x|}}{|x|}$ to be in $L^2$










share|cite|improve this question
























  • Use ast for convolution instead of star.
    – Umberto P.
    Nov 12 at 18:11










  • Can you calculate the derivatives directly?
    – Umberto P.
    Nov 12 at 18:12












  • Yeah, but I fear those would not be in $L^2$, especially for the second case with $n=3$, because you have a division by $|y|$. Of course I would put all the derivatives on the first term
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:17










  • Actually it would be great if it worked with $W^{2,p}$ with $p in (1,2)$, because of the work I’ll have to do later.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:21






  • 1




    If you need $H^s$ regularity I would work purely in Fourier. A function is $H^2$ iff $(1+|xi|^2)^{s/2}hat{f}in L^2$, use this.
    – Giuseppe Negro
    Nov 12 at 18:25













up vote
1
down vote

favorite









up vote
1
down vote

favorite











I want to prove that the equation
$$u -Delta u=f$$



with $f in L^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$ admits a solution in $H^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$ with $n=1,3$.



Taking Fourier transforms and resolving, I get:



$$u(x)=left( frac {e^{-|y|}}{2} ast f right) (x)$$



when $n=1$ and



$$u(x)=left( frac {e^{-|y|}}{4 pi |y|} ast f right) (x)$$



when $n=3$. Do these functions belong to $H^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$? And how do I prove it?
(I don’t know if I should use the $H$ definition with approximations or the $W$ definition with weak derivatives)



EDIT: I just realized (don’t know why it took so much) that the problem I had can be solved by using Young inequality. For some reason I kept thinking I needed the derivative of $frac{e^{-|x|}}{|x|}$ to be in $L^2$










share|cite|improve this question















I want to prove that the equation
$$u -Delta u=f$$



with $f in L^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$ admits a solution in $H^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$ with $n=1,3$.



Taking Fourier transforms and resolving, I get:



$$u(x)=left( frac {e^{-|y|}}{2} ast f right) (x)$$



when $n=1$ and



$$u(x)=left( frac {e^{-|y|}}{4 pi |y|} ast f right) (x)$$



when $n=3$. Do these functions belong to $H^2 (mathbb{R}^n)$? And how do I prove it?
(I don’t know if I should use the $H$ definition with approximations or the $W$ definition with weak derivatives)



EDIT: I just realized (don’t know why it took so much) that the problem I had can be solved by using Young inequality. For some reason I kept thinking I needed the derivative of $frac{e^{-|x|}}{|x|}$ to be in $L^2$







functional-analysis analysis sobolev-spaces






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share|cite|improve this question













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share|cite|improve this question








edited Nov 14 at 15:21

























asked Nov 12 at 17:36









tommy1996q

559413




559413












  • Use ast for convolution instead of star.
    – Umberto P.
    Nov 12 at 18:11










  • Can you calculate the derivatives directly?
    – Umberto P.
    Nov 12 at 18:12












  • Yeah, but I fear those would not be in $L^2$, especially for the second case with $n=3$, because you have a division by $|y|$. Of course I would put all the derivatives on the first term
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:17










  • Actually it would be great if it worked with $W^{2,p}$ with $p in (1,2)$, because of the work I’ll have to do later.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:21






  • 1




    If you need $H^s$ regularity I would work purely in Fourier. A function is $H^2$ iff $(1+|xi|^2)^{s/2}hat{f}in L^2$, use this.
    – Giuseppe Negro
    Nov 12 at 18:25


















  • Use ast for convolution instead of star.
    – Umberto P.
    Nov 12 at 18:11










  • Can you calculate the derivatives directly?
    – Umberto P.
    Nov 12 at 18:12












  • Yeah, but I fear those would not be in $L^2$, especially for the second case with $n=3$, because you have a division by $|y|$. Of course I would put all the derivatives on the first term
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:17










  • Actually it would be great if it worked with $W^{2,p}$ with $p in (1,2)$, because of the work I’ll have to do later.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:21






  • 1




    If you need $H^s$ regularity I would work purely in Fourier. A function is $H^2$ iff $(1+|xi|^2)^{s/2}hat{f}in L^2$, use this.
    – Giuseppe Negro
    Nov 12 at 18:25
















Use ast for convolution instead of star.
– Umberto P.
Nov 12 at 18:11




Use ast for convolution instead of star.
– Umberto P.
Nov 12 at 18:11












Can you calculate the derivatives directly?
– Umberto P.
Nov 12 at 18:12






Can you calculate the derivatives directly?
– Umberto P.
Nov 12 at 18:12














Yeah, but I fear those would not be in $L^2$, especially for the second case with $n=3$, because you have a division by $|y|$. Of course I would put all the derivatives on the first term
– tommy1996q
Nov 12 at 18:17




Yeah, but I fear those would not be in $L^2$, especially for the second case with $n=3$, because you have a division by $|y|$. Of course I would put all the derivatives on the first term
– tommy1996q
Nov 12 at 18:17












Actually it would be great if it worked with $W^{2,p}$ with $p in (1,2)$, because of the work I’ll have to do later.
– tommy1996q
Nov 12 at 18:21




Actually it would be great if it worked with $W^{2,p}$ with $p in (1,2)$, because of the work I’ll have to do later.
– tommy1996q
Nov 12 at 18:21




1




1




If you need $H^s$ regularity I would work purely in Fourier. A function is $H^2$ iff $(1+|xi|^2)^{s/2}hat{f}in L^2$, use this.
– Giuseppe Negro
Nov 12 at 18:25




If you need $H^s$ regularity I would work purely in Fourier. A function is $H^2$ iff $(1+|xi|^2)^{s/2}hat{f}in L^2$, use this.
– Giuseppe Negro
Nov 12 at 18:25










1 Answer
1






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oldest

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up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Fourier transforming, we see that the equation is equivalent to
$$
(1+|xi|^2)hat{u}(xi) = hat{f}(xi). $$

In particular,
$$
|u|_{H^2}^2=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{u}(xi)(1+|xi|^2)|^2, dxi=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{f}(xi)|^2, dxi, $$

and $hat{f}in L^2(mathbb R^n)$ by Plancherel's theorem, so the integral in the right-hand side is finite. Thus, $uin H^2$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • I will use this if I can’t find a more direct method. I mean, this is right, but I’ve explicitly calculated the solution, and I would like to have something more “direct”, which uses explicitly the expressions I have found.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:40











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1 Answer
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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

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votes








up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Fourier transforming, we see that the equation is equivalent to
$$
(1+|xi|^2)hat{u}(xi) = hat{f}(xi). $$

In particular,
$$
|u|_{H^2}^2=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{u}(xi)(1+|xi|^2)|^2, dxi=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{f}(xi)|^2, dxi, $$

and $hat{f}in L^2(mathbb R^n)$ by Plancherel's theorem, so the integral in the right-hand side is finite. Thus, $uin H^2$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • I will use this if I can’t find a more direct method. I mean, this is right, but I’ve explicitly calculated the solution, and I would like to have something more “direct”, which uses explicitly the expressions I have found.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:40















up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Fourier transforming, we see that the equation is equivalent to
$$
(1+|xi|^2)hat{u}(xi) = hat{f}(xi). $$

In particular,
$$
|u|_{H^2}^2=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{u}(xi)(1+|xi|^2)|^2, dxi=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{f}(xi)|^2, dxi, $$

and $hat{f}in L^2(mathbb R^n)$ by Plancherel's theorem, so the integral in the right-hand side is finite. Thus, $uin H^2$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • I will use this if I can’t find a more direct method. I mean, this is right, but I’ve explicitly calculated the solution, and I would like to have something more “direct”, which uses explicitly the expressions I have found.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:40













up vote
2
down vote



accepted







up vote
2
down vote



accepted






Fourier transforming, we see that the equation is equivalent to
$$
(1+|xi|^2)hat{u}(xi) = hat{f}(xi). $$

In particular,
$$
|u|_{H^2}^2=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{u}(xi)(1+|xi|^2)|^2, dxi=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{f}(xi)|^2, dxi, $$

and $hat{f}in L^2(mathbb R^n)$ by Plancherel's theorem, so the integral in the right-hand side is finite. Thus, $uin H^2$.






share|cite|improve this answer












Fourier transforming, we see that the equation is equivalent to
$$
(1+|xi|^2)hat{u}(xi) = hat{f}(xi). $$

In particular,
$$
|u|_{H^2}^2=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{u}(xi)(1+|xi|^2)|^2, dxi=int_{mathbb R^n} |hat{f}(xi)|^2, dxi, $$

and $hat{f}in L^2(mathbb R^n)$ by Plancherel's theorem, so the integral in the right-hand side is finite. Thus, $uin H^2$.







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Nov 12 at 18:33









Giuseppe Negro

17k328121




17k328121












  • I will use this if I can’t find a more direct method. I mean, this is right, but I’ve explicitly calculated the solution, and I would like to have something more “direct”, which uses explicitly the expressions I have found.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:40


















  • I will use this if I can’t find a more direct method. I mean, this is right, but I’ve explicitly calculated the solution, and I would like to have something more “direct”, which uses explicitly the expressions I have found.
    – tommy1996q
    Nov 12 at 18:40
















I will use this if I can’t find a more direct method. I mean, this is right, but I’ve explicitly calculated the solution, and I would like to have something more “direct”, which uses explicitly the expressions I have found.
– tommy1996q
Nov 12 at 18:40




I will use this if I can’t find a more direct method. I mean, this is right, but I’ve explicitly calculated the solution, and I would like to have something more “direct”, which uses explicitly the expressions I have found.
– tommy1996q
Nov 12 at 18:40


















 

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